Corporate Sustainability Social And Economic Change Essay

Many of the world’s largest companies own land and have ties with endless communities, so corporations are the forefront of social and economic change that will determine if our society can become sustainable. Since multinational business run the world, sustainability within business is a way to initiate major change in terms of our society’s opinion and commitment to sustainability. As Richard T. Watson states in his book Information Systems, â€Å"organizations are the major force for innovation in most societies, and corporations in particular are major change agents† (Boudreau). This statement supports the theory that a company’s decisions within itself can and will determine the societies in which it is located. Some corporations are taking major steps towards becoming sustainable within themselves, therefore starting the change within our whole society. Understanding that corporations strongly determine our economy which is heavily correlated with ou r society makes it clear that businesses must be sustainable if we ever want our culture to be sustainable. â€Å"Organizations strive to sustain their existence, and the notion of corporate sustainability incorporates ecological thinking and three different approaches to it: eco-efficiency, eco-equity, and eco-effectiveness† (Boudreau). Eco-efficiency refers to the goal to provide competitive goods and services that increase quality of life while also reducing ecological impact. This approach emphasizes sustainability in which aShow MoreRelatedChange Management Is Planning, Organising, Leading And Controlling A Change Process Essay816 Words   |  4 Pages01. Introduction Change management is planning, organising, leading and controlling a change process in an organisation to improve its performance as well as to achieve organisational goals. According to Ha (2015), it is a challenging, complex and continuous process that needs a specifics skill for leaders and managers. In fact this is important for change managers to identify the five key questions; Why? Who? What? How? When? And attend to them very carefully, because it can impact on the company’sRead MoreEffective Governance And Sustainability : An Definition Of Sustainable Development1398 Words   |  6 PagesEffective governance and sustainability are increasingly important considerations for governments, organizations, business leaders, investors, consumers and many other stakeholders throughout the world. Good corporate governance and complexity of sustainable development demands for global cooperation, based mainly on joint co-ordination of strategies and adopting of the best decisio ns. 1.1 Definition of sustainable Development: the term sustainable development was popularized in our common futureRead MoreThe Sustainability Strategy of Virgin Groups Corporate1497 Words   |  6 Pagesclimate change, the pending introduction of an emissions trading scheme and significant changes in demographics and society in general have combined to make sustainability a mainstream issue. â€Å"The goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† (G3.1 Guidelines, 2011, p4) This study report on a survey of the Virgin Groups sustainability report that summarize the Virgin companies’ sustainability strategyRead MoreGlobal Business And Its Sustainability Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate groups has important role in today’s global business and its sustainability can contribute significantly to present and upcoming accomplishment of organizations. A major success factor for change towards sustainability in corporate world is incorporation of environmental, economic and societal goals. This incorporation is an important achievement, however it require a systematic approach which itself is a major challenge for organizations. Therefore, there is a significantRead MoreTransformation Is Run By Ceo Carole Anne Hilton1551 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity development and the social and economic capacity among First Nations communities. Their entire development and business goal is to establish governing structures, managing systems, and business development for First Nations people in order to establish a bright and structured future. Transformation is run by CEO Carole Anne Hilton who is driven by her ancestry and her passion to help struggling people. Hilto n built the company off of the foundation of social and economic needs. Conventionally,Read MoreHuman Resource Management And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Human Resource Management and Corporate Social Responsibility are two news that are accepted and believed as highly important to company strategies. To be in competitive businesses needs to increase productivity by finding new systems. Furthermore, HRM is a crucial tool for any business, and as well as CSR, which is becoming an important too. The growth of CSR is the result of changes in the developed world’s greater concerns for environmental deforestation, discriminatory workingRead MoreEs G And Ehs Management Practices1368 Words   |  6 Pagesemphasize sustainability. Several environmental, social, and governance issues, including health and safety among other factors, have contributed to the diverse aspects of sustainability. The complex business reforms brought by the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS), including social and governance (ESG) issues remain indistinctive in several disciplines. Some widespread proposals exist over the application of, ESG and EHS management practices and methods. To understand sustainability, it is essentialRead MorePuma Corporation s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesPuma Corporation’s Integrative Managerial Issues Regarding Social Responsibility During the 1960’s, the definition of corporate social responsibility expanded as social activists began to question the typical â€Å"economic obligations† mentality, which focused on the singular economic objective of business. Nowadays, society expects much more out of businesses and corporations. Business firms are expected to go beyond their legal and economic obligations and act in ways that are beneficial to societyRead MoreFrameworks In Greenwashing913 Words   |  4 Pagesand transparent, and to disclose the social, environmental and economic impacts of their activities through sustainability reporting (Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014; Soderstrom 2013). Accordingly, there has been an increase in organisations’ claiming their voluntary commitment to the international standards and frameworks for corporate sustainability – namely, the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)’s sustainability reporting gui delines (Klettner, ClarkeRead MoreAmanco Sustainability Strategy1106 Words   |  5 Pages Amanco Sustainability Strategy Abbas Ibrahim OCT 18, 2015 1. Is the Amanco strategy an example of corporate social responsibility or corporate self interest?   Amanco Strategy is an example of corporate social responsibility. Amanco, part of the Nueva Group based in Costa Rica, produces and markets piping for irrigation construction, infrastructure, and industry in 13 countries of Latin America. The company’s vision is â€Å"to be recognized as an organization that creates economic value by operating

Analysis of South Africa Essay - 1329 Words

Introduction The country selected is South Africa. It is the country of choice because I want to visit the African Continent someday. I am also part African American and want to learn more about the African culture. Location/Geography South Africa is located on the southern tip of Africa. The country has a coastline along the Atlantic and Indian oceans, which makes the country known for its fishery. There are several African countries that border South Africa. The countries include Lesotho, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland (Republic of South Africa, 2013, geography and climate). The climate of South Africa is subtropical and consists of grasslands, forests, deserts, mountain, beaches, and coastal wetlands (Republic†¦show more content†¦Economy In 2011, South Africa’s gross national income per capita was 10,710 U.S currencies. The country spent a total expenditure on health per capita of 942 U.S dollars in the year 2011. The total expenditure on health of gross domestic product was 8.5% (WHO, 2013). The United States exports 7.3 billion U.S. dollars’ of goods to South Africa in 2011. The top exports included vehicles, gold, oil, electrical machinery, wheat, dairy product s, poultry meat, and vegetable oil. South Africa exported 9.5 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of products to the United States. Some of the top categories of the U.S. imports were platinum, diamonds, iron and steel, fresh fruit, tree nuts, and wine and beer (USTR, 2013). State of Health Disease is one of the primary concerns in South Africa today. The distribution of disease can be divided into three categories. Communicable disease accounts for 60.5%, non-intentional injuries 11.2% and non-communicable for 28.4% of the distribution of disease (WHO, 2010, South Africa: health statistics profile 2010). The leading causes of disease in South Africa are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, violence, and road accidents (WHO, 2010, health statistics profile 2010).HIV/AIDS has the highest cause of disease by accounting for 40.7% of the diseased population. Tuberculosis follows afterwards with 5.4%, violence at 4.8%, and road traffic accident at 2.6% (WHO, 2010, healthShow MoreRelatedSouth Africa Pest Analysis1602 Words   |  7 PagesSOUTH AFRICA HISTORY In the history of South Africa, the earliest known settlers of the country were the San and Khoekhoe people, collectively known as Khoisan. They were two distinct cultural groups. The first Europeans to arrive in South Africa were the Portuguese Seafarers who initiated the sea route to India in 1488. They were soon followed by other Europeans since the late 16 th century In 1815, the British took permanent control of the Cape colony and brought in more settlers In 1910 SouthRead MoreComparative Analysis of South Africa and Nigeria1374 Words   |  6 PagesCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFICA AND NIGERIA Africa is the second largest continent with vast resources and inhabits more than 12 percent of the world’s population. Although we know that the continent has plenty of resources, Africa remains the world’s poorest and most undeveloped continent. [1]Poverty is widespread, there is a great threat of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Politically, I would say that the country is unstable as there were civil and liberationRead MoreAnalysis of the Retail Industry in South Africa4463 Words   |  18 PagesMARKET ANALYSIS FOR THE RETAIL INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA Contents Page Executive Summary 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Retail industry in South Africa 5 3. Macro and Micro environment analysis 6 3.1 Macro environment of Retail market in South Africa 6 3.1.1. Political Environment 6 3.1.2. Economic environment 8 3.1.3 Technological Environment 10 3.2 Micro environments analysis 11 3.2.1. Suppliers’Read MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis: South Africa6982 Words   |  28 PagesRunning head: GBCA – SOUTH AFRICA 1 Global Business Cultural Analysis: South Africa Raymond J. Landis BUSI 604-D06 LUO – International Business Professor – Dr. Stephen P. Preacher Liberty University May 13, 2011 GBCA – SOUTH AFRICA Abstract This paper will endeavor to form a comprehensive analysis of South African culture, principally for the perspective of doing business in that nation. Ultimately, the paper will point out the crucial points for US businesses to consider before committing toRead MoreAnalysis of Housing in Cape Town, South Africa804 Words   |  3 Pages1- Introduction In the 1990s, Housing program in South Africa in general, and in Cape Town in particular, was still influenced by earlier housing policies and constrained by the pattern of low-income urban settlement inherited from the apartheid era, the main issue was the provision of houses for the poorest growing population, the outline of the governments’ approach to this issue is the concept of state assisted self help housing and commitment of incremental approach to housing, this policyRead More Comparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe2326 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Analysis of Economic and Political Cleavages in South Africa and Zimbabwe Introduction Comparative politics is concerned with examining the characteristics or qualities of two different political entities to discover resemblances or differences. These entities can be general in nature, for example, the comparison of two countries, or more specific in nature, comparing two different systems of government. But, whether general or specific in nature, comparative politics tries toRead MoreAnalysis of Internal External Environment of South Africa Broadcast Corporation3353 Words   |  14 PagesTHE CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT (MBA 591-1) An analysis of South African Broadcast Corporation’s Internal and External Environment. Prepared By: Wandisa Vazi (72112212) Date: 25 August 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Analysis External Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.1 Political Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.2 Economical Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Read MoreA Merchandise Management Analysis of Spar Supermarkets in Stellenbosch, South Africa7070 Words   |  29 Pageshave a generic format so that consumers who are under time pressure can easily make their purchase. This relates to Spar in that the store layout must be placed, with the consumers expectations of where items should be, in mind. The basic unit of analysis for making merchandise management decisions is the merchandise category (Levy Weitz, 2009), these are groups of items and brands that consumers see as direct substitutes for one another, and for example different brands of milk cheese make up theRead MoreAnalysis of South Africa Through Two Films: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, and Totsi2894 Words   |  12 Pages Analysis Synthesis of South Africa Based on the 1995 written autobiographical account of Mandela’s own life, Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom serves as an inspirational biopic. Filmed on location in South Africa, the film focuses most of its time on Mandela’s early life and transition into adulthood, while dedicating only a small portion to Mandela’s life and political achievements after imprisonment. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom can be divided into three parts: Mandela’s early life and comingRead MoreForeign Policy : The Transition Of Democracy1039 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1. Foreign Policy Analysis: 1. Introduction: Foreign policy involves the goals, strategies, measures, understanding, agreements, directives and rules in which national governments conduct international relations with each other as well as international organisations and non-governmental actors. South Africa s post-apartheid foreign policy vision has become prosperous, peaceful, democratic, non-racial, non-sexist and united which contributes to the world that is equitable. This essay will

Seasons In France Essay Example For Students

Seasons In France Essay France is a beautiful country. It has lots to do like skiing, swimming,shopping, gambling, drinking, and dining. Here are the topics I will include inmy report, government, history, culture, tourist attractions, language,entertainment, transportation, climate, currency, accommodations, and traveltips. Sit back have some wine because you are about to embark on a journey, AJourney to France!GovernmentFrance is a republic with a president and a premier. The president isJacques Chirac and the premier is Alain Juppe. The legislature consists of theNational Assembly and the Senate. The president appoints the premier. He alsoserves a 7-year term. Ages 18 and up can vote for the president and thelegislature. The National Assembly consists of 577 deputies that are elected intheir political division. They serve a five-year term. The senate has 319members that are elected for a five-year term. France is divided into 22 regions,96 metropolitan areas, 4 overseas departments, 4 overseas territorie s, and 2collective territories. HistoryIn ancient times the Celts and Germanic tribes lived in France. When theromans invaded, they called France Gaul. Gaul was eventually annexed. In 400 A.D. the west roman empires defense began to fall. After that France was anindependent country. Hugh Carpet was crowned the first king of France in 987 A.D. In the 1700s the French Revolution started. The end of the French revolutionmarked the end of absolute power for the French kings. Napoleon seized power in1799. He founded the first empire in 1804. He was exiled in 1814. CultureThe 1993 estimate of the French population was 57,566,091. The averagepopulation density is 105.8 people per square kilometer. The populationdistribution is 76% for urban areas and 26% for rural areas. Studies show thatthe majority prefer houses to apartments. The major religion is Roman Catholic. 99% of the French population is literate. There are 72 universities in France. Tourist AttractionsShopping is a big attraction in France. In Paris, department stores aregood places to shop. In Normandy, shops have a rich selection of antiques. Sunday is a good day to shop on in Normandy because many stores have discounts. Normandy has a lot of lace too. The prices are high and the pieces are laborintensive. There are some good beaches in Normandy. It has lots of seasidecoasts. There are many widely spaced resorts. On the Atlantic coast there aremany waterslides, wavepools, and other water goodies. Paris has lots of culture. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889. It costs $8 to go to the top. Its opendaily from 9:30 A.M. to 11 P.M. At night you can almost see all of Paris. Incase you get hungry there are cafes to eat at on the Eiffel Tower. The Louvrehas a collection of great art works throughout history. It was built in the 13thcentury. It has the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Divinci. There are seven sections atthe Louvre. They are ancient civilizations, sculptures, furniture, drawings,paintings, prints, and arms armor. Dont try to see it all at once. The hoursare wed-Mon. 9-6 and Tuesday open til 9:45. Admission $10 for adults, $7 forages 18-25, 18 and under are free. LanguageIn France the official language is French. English is usually understoodin most tourist areas. Speak slowly in either English or French. Your French maysound prickly. If your French isnt that good just try to learn a few words. EntertainmentSo you need something to do in your free time? Okay now listen well. Atnight you may want to go to a nightclub. Many have an English atmosphere andlots of whiskeys. Try Le Queens Bar, it has a karioke machine and a videorecorder so you can see your performance later. There are hundreds of theatersin France. Look at Officiel du Spectacle for the movies you want. If you wantto jazz it up a little go to Le Petit Journal for tradional jazz. Bring $20per person and some money for food. Wait til 10 or 11 P.M. for some real music. .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .postImageUrl , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:hover , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:visited , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:active { border:0!important; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:active , .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8 .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ca9482a253309e52103b49dc5cf58e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts of Speech Essay ThesisGo to Centr la Meret des Eaux, it is an aquarium. It costs $5 per person. Itsopen from Tues.-Friday from 10- 12:30 A.M. and 1:15-5:30 P.M. TransportationIn France many places are accessible to cars. Some high-cost hotels havecar-renting services. Paris has 6 train stations, so you could get around easily. Most taxis will charge $2-3 per mile. FashionIn France you should bring sweaters and sweatshirts because it can getcold. Also, you should bring winter coats. You should try to wear dressy clothesas much as you can because many fashion designers are in France. CurrencyThe french currency is a franc. Five francs are equal to one dollar. Some hotels accept American money, but dont depend on it. Also, some hotelshave a currency exchange. AccommodationsA lot of good hotels are in Paris. The Meurice Hotel costs about $ 300per night. This hotel has Persian carpets and big rooms with a bath. The FleurieHotel costs up to $ 300 per night, this hotel has exceptional dining and a bath. The Imperial Palace is in Lyons, it costs $ 200 per night it also has a bath. The Alexandria costs about $ 150 per night. It has a bath. Most hotels in Francedo not have bathes. Travel TipsFor traveling on the airplane try to get a nonstop flight. Most flightsdo not allow smoking. Get as much sleep as you can. In customs dont worry aboutyour laptops, video cameras, etc. They wont be damaged by the x-rays. Changethe batteries before leaving on all of your electronics. Bring all of the lensesfor cameras. Wear dressy clothes at the restaurants. Tip about 10% of the billfor restaurants. Category: History

Shakespeares The Merchant Of Venice Essays - Orientalism

Shakespeare's The Merchant Of Venice Although Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice is considered a comedy, cruelty runs rampant throughout the entire text of the play. Most of the characters exhibit some form of cruel behavior toward one another, including Lancelot who is cruel to his father Gobbio when he runs into him on the street. He engages the old man in belittling word play because his father has very poor eyesight and cannot tell that he is actually speaking to his own son. Everyone is cruel to Shylock; in fact, he is viewed as the outsider and often referred to as the devil. Shylock is the Jewish moneylender who makes a huge profit by lending money with exorbitant interest rates to the Christian population of Venice. I will not touch on the theme of racism and prejudice in the play, but it is common knowledge that Jews were not seen in a positive light in Elizabethan England at the time when Shakespeare wrote The Merchant of Venice. Shylock hates the merchant Antonio in particular, for Antonio lends money to hi s fellow Christians without charging any interest on the loans, thus he takes away from Shylock's livelihood. I am going to center my discussion of the theme of cruelty to two of the characters in the play-Shylock and Portia. Although both characters are guilty of egregious and cruel acts, Portia's cruel acts against Shylock are seen as more acceptable for a couple of reasons. One reason is that Portia is motivated by her love for Bassanio, and another reason is that Shylock is Jewish, and heartless in his own right. Therefore, it is more socially acceptable to be cruel to him. Love makes the difference between Portia's scheming and Shylock's, between his litigation and hers, between his exercise of power and hers (Hobson, 201). In the beginning of the play, we find Portia lamenting about the situation her deceased father has created for her. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of this great world?But this reason is not in the fashion to choose me a husband. O, me, the word choose I may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I dislike. So is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father (Act 1, Scene 2). He has willed it so that she may not marry anyone but the one suitor who picks correctly from three caskets, one casket is made of gold, one is made of silver and one is made of lead. The man who picks correctly will find a picture of Portia inside, and he will be the one to marry Portia. Portia is frustrated that she has absolutely no say in whom she will marry-she cannot refuse the suitor who chooses correctly. Another aspect of this cruel arrangement is that if a suitor does not choose correctly, he will be forever banned from marriage. He may not ever ask another woman t o marry him, and he will die without an heir. Thus Portia's dead father has left a cruel legacy involving his daughter and her suitors. It seems that Portia is lucky in this lottery however. Bassanio chooses correctly from the three caskets and is to marry Portia, and she is happy with the circumstance. This is when the couple learns of Bassanio's friend Antonio's plight. Antonio had borrowed money on behalf of Bassanio, promising to pay it back when his ships came into port with their cargoes. It seems that Antonio's ships were shipwrecked, and he cannot pay back the bond held by the lender, Shylock. Shylock is very adamant about receiving his payment from the doomed Antonio, which calls for a pound of flesh, and therefore death, if the bond is forfeited. As I stated earlier, Shylock possesses a hatred for Antonio fueled by the fact that Antonio lends money without charging interest. I hate him for he is a Christian, but more for that in low simplicity he lends out money in gratis and brings down the rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear hi m (Act 1, Scene 3, line 41).

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays

The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essays The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essay The Lifespan Perspective For Social Work Practice Social Work Essay Essay The field of developmental psychological science is the scientific survey of age-related alterations in behavior, thought, emotion, and personality. ( Bee and Boyd, 2002, p3 ) . This assignment will concentrate on the early old ages country of the lifetime, which ranges from pre-birth to 3 old ages of age. During the early old ages, kids start to develop physically as they begin to creep, appreciation and walk. Children besides start to hold self-government as they begin to do picks themselves and they start to develop their vocabulary and have simple conversations with others. Additionally, kids develop socially as they form fond regards with their attention giver and other of import faces they recognise. In societal work pattern, it is of import to understand that theories associating to lifespan development should non be used as a solid usher when sing behaviour, as they do non take into history all facets of an person s life, such as environmental and societal factors, and non everybody lives a text-book life. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Theories are an effort to explicate something to give us an apprehension and do sense of jobs. ( Thompson, 2000 ; page 20 ) . When working with immature kids, it is of import to understand the assorted phases of development so that we, as societal workers can place accomplishments being made ; such as when a kid takes their first measure, or when they say their first word. Theories sing lifetime development are based around normal development and can assist societal workers find how much advancement a kid is doing in footings of development. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Social workers must do certain that when working with immature kids they take into account their race and civilization, and what impact these might hold on their development. They must besides take a holistic attack when seeking to derive an apprehension of a kid, so that non merely can state larn what has happened during the kid s life, they can besides state why it happened and see the kid as an person. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . It is of import to maintain in head that even a bantam babe is a individual. Holistic development sees the kid in the unit of ammunition, as a whole individual physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, morally, culturally and spiritualty. ( Meggitt, 2006 ; page 1 ) . Following the decease of Victoria Climbie , Lord Laming was required to update the agreements for kid safe guarding to forestall future calamities happening. The Children Act 2004, was a major reform and it brought along different policies to safeguard kids, such as Every Child Matters: Change for Children. ( DfES, 2004 ) . Every Child Matters was besides reformed in 2009, following the decease of Peter Connelly. Besides, model for Birth to Three Matters ( DfES, 2002 ) , has been published to back up professionals who work with immature kids and households and recognises the nature of human development. Within psychological science, there are 5 different attacks that can be taken when looking at lifetime development. These 5 attacks are biological, humanistic, cognitive, behaviorist and psychodynamic. These psychological positions are backed up by assorted theories, but it is really of import to retrieve that theories are non ever true as they do non take into consideration environmental and societal factors that could impact an person s development. This does non intend that theories can non be used to analyze behavior and development within persons, but it should be remembered that all theories do hold unfavorable judgments when they are applied and used in societal work pattern. The first theory which is traveling to be looked at sing early old ages development is Erikson s psychosocial phases of development. ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . The first phase of development is Trust versus Mistrust ; this phase forms the foundation of trust a kid has with their health professional. The more consistent the attention is that they receive the better trust that the kid will hold and they will go confident and will experience secure in their environment. However, if this phase is non completed successfully, so the kid will non experience secure or confident, and may non hold a batch of trust in their health professional, which can ensue in a figure of jobs, such as anxiousness and insecurities about others. ( Erikson, 1995 ) . The 2nd phase of development is Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt ; this phase shows a kid get downing to asseverate themselves and go independent, for illustration, picking what they want to watch, what toys they want to play with, or what they want to eat etc. Children need to be supported in this phase so that they know what they are making is right and go more confident in doing their ain determinations, otherwise if they are criticised excessively much, they might get down to experience dependent upon others, and may doubt their ability to do their ain picks. ( Erikson, 1995 ) . In societal work pattern, this theory could be used to look into any underlying issues between a kid and their parent. Erikson states that if a phase is non completed successfully, it is harder to finish following phases of development and achieve the positive results. ( Beckett and Taylor, 2010 ) . This theory gives societal workers an overview of how a kid should be come oning and what their capablenesss should be. However, this theory does non take into consideration kids who have disablements or who come from different cultural backgrounds. A kid with a certain disablement may non be able to do their ain picks from such a immature age, no affair how merely they are, or kids from different civilizations will hold different upbringings compared to kids from other civilizations. John Bowlby was a chief psychologist who studied kids. In peculiar he looked at fond regard between a kid and health professional. He believed that relationships at a immature age are critical because any weaknesss in relationships in childhood would determine the development of a kid s personality. He besides believed that fond regard is an unconditioned act, and kids want to organize an fond regard with their female parents and female parents want to be near to their kids so that they can protect them. Prolonged separation from the female parent is known as maternal want, and this is a major cause of delinquent behavior and mental wellness concerns. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Social workers can utilize theory when in pattern to see how a kid responds to their female parent or male parent. For illustration, if a kid is in a attention and has contact with his/her female parent twice a hebdomad, the societal worker should look to see who interacts with who foremost, who runs to who, what is the propinquity like and organic structure linguistic communication etc. All of these actions will let the societal worker to find whether something is incorrect. If the female parent runs to her kid, why is the kid non running to her female parent? Does the kid non experience attached? Has something happened which needs to be looked into? However, Bowlby s theory does non take into history male parents being the attachment figure as they may be a individual parent. Besides, societal workers need to work in a non-discriminatory mode and retrieve that in some households, such as Asiatic households, within a family it is non merely the immediate household who live at that p lace, it is besides the wider household. A member of the wider household could be the chief health professional, so this needs to be taken into consideration when get downing to work with a kid from this type of household. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Mary Ainsworth adapted Bowlby s fond regard theory by transporting out her ain experiment on kids and their health professional so that different fond regard manners between a kid and the health professional could be observed. The Strange Situation recognised four different fond regard types ; secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent and disorganized fond regard. ( Ainsworth et all. , 1978 ) . The experiment took topographic point in a little room with a one manner mirror so that the kid could easy be observed. Throughout the experiment, the kid would be left with their health professional for some clip before a alien entered and the health professional leaves, and so the kid would be left wholly entirely for a short period of clip before the alien and health professional return and so forth. The attachment type that the kid would hold would be dependent on their reactions to the events that happened in the experiment disturbance, shouting, dying, scared, happy, hard-pressed etc . ) . For illustration, a kid who has an ambivalent-attachment would hold shown no marks of hurt when their health professional left the room, but they would hold avoided the alien when they entered the room. When the health professional returns after go forthing the kid entirely with the alien, the kid would near them, but may besides force them off to demo that they are upset. ( Simply Psychology, 2008 ) . In societal work, this theory could be used to see the fond regard between a kid and their health professional. Positive fond regard could ensue in intercession non being needed by societal workers. However, negative fond regard could turn out that earlier intercession is needed as there is an underlying ground as to why the kid is non organizing an fond regard with their health professional. This theory should be used really carefully in pattern as some kids are more independent than others, and it does non take into account cultural differences and disablements. For illustration, kids who have Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD ) , particularly on the higher terminal of the autistic spectrum, find it really hard to expose feelings and demo fondness. This does non intend that they have non formed an fond regard with their health professional, they are more than able to, but it is how they display their fond regard type which can do them look unattached. During the mid-1980s, research wo rkers started to detect kids with ASD in the Strange Situation. Results show that 50 % of the kids formed a unafraid fond regard with their health professional. Despite this figure being low compared to kids who do non hold ASD, it is really impressive and proves that kids with ASD can organize fond regards. However, when it came to the portion where the health professional returned to their kid, the kids acted otherwise compared to other kids. For illustration, they did non originate contact or look to be happy. ( Oppenheim et al. , 2008 ) . The cognition of development and attachment theories is of import in societal work, as these theories will assist a societal worker carry out appraisals on a household with immature kids. When transporting out an appraisal, it has to be done under the Common Assessment Framework, which aims to place the followers ; how good the parents or carers can back up their kid s developmental demands, and how they respond and meet their demands ; and what impact does the environment and the wider household have on a kid s development. ( DfES, 2006 ) . John Bowlby s attachment theory gives an overview of the different fond regard types and it allows societal workers to measure and judge the quality of a relationship, and this can assist as the societal worker will cognize when to step in, and if necessary, take a kid from a household unit. ( Walker and Crawford, 2010 ) . Under subdivision 17 of the Children Act 1989, local governments have a duty to safeguard and advance the safety and public assistance of kids who are in demand. ( Legislation.Gov, 2012 ) . When working with kids in demand, a societal worker will necessitate to transport out an appraisal under the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need. ( Department of Health, 2000 ) . Tied within this appraisal, is another appraisal sing the developmental demands of a kid. It covers several countries of development ; wellness, instruction, individuality, household and societal dealingss, emotional and behavioral development and self-care accomplishments. Harmonizing to Parker and Bradley, kids need to make these developmental demands to accomplish a healthy maturity. ( Parker and Bradley, 2007 ) . By utilizing anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive pattern in societal work, it allows societal workers to dispute their ain beliefs and values while sing others. The Every Child Matters: Change for Children policy has 5 results which are considered to be the most of import to kids and immature people ; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part, and accomplish economic wellbeing. The policy wants kids and immature people to be safe from strong-arming and favoritism . ( Crawford, 2006 ; page 16 ) . With respects to lifespan development theories ; anti-discriminatory pattern and anti-oppressive pattern are used in societal work because these theories can be applied to all cultural and category backgrounds. The bulk of the theories were based around white middle-classed kids and parents when experiments were carried out, but by no agency does this mean that they can non be applied to different civilizations. In decision, if cognition of lifetime development and assorted theories are used right and suitably in societal work pattern, so this could give societal workers a clear indicant of when a kid is non developing at the usual rate, and intercession can take topographic point at the earliest possible minute, to guarantee that the safety and public assistance of the kid is met. The advantages and disadvantages of sing behavior through lifespan positions seem to weigh each other out in relation to societal pattern, nevertheless, it should be remembered that the surveies are theories, and are non based on solid facts, so they should merely be used in pattern as counsel. Word Count: 2,175

Presidents Who Were Secretary of State

Presidents Who Were Secretary of State A political tradition which died out in the mid-19th century was the elevation of the secretary of state to the office of president. Six 19th century presidents had previously served as the nations top diplomat. The secretary of state position was considered such a launching pad to the presidency that men who sought the highest office were widely believed to have angled to be named secretary of state.   The perceived importance of the job is brought into sharper focus when you consider that several prominent, yet unsuccessful, presidential candidates of the 19th century had also held the position. Yet the last president to have been secretary of state was James Buchanan, the ineffective president who served four years in the late 1850s as the country was coming apart over the issue of slavery.   The candidacy of Hillary Clinton in the presidential election of 2016 was noteworthy in this historical context as she would have been the first secretary of state to become president since Buchanans election 160 years earlier.   The office of secretary of state is still a very important cabinet post, of course. So its interesting that in the modern era we have not seen any secretaries of state go on to become president. In fact, cabinet positions in general have ceased to be pathways to the White House. The last president who had served in the cabinet was Herbert Hoover. He was serving as Calvin Coolidges secretary of commerce when he became the Republican nominee and was elected in 1928. Here are the presidents who served as secretary of state, as well as some prominent candidates for president who also held the position: The Presidents: Thomas Jefferson The nations first secretary of state, Jefferson held the position in the cabinet of George Washington from 1790 to 1793. Jefferson was already a revered figure for having written the Declaration of Independence and for having served as a diplomat in Paris. So its conceivable that Jefferson serving as secretary of state in the nations early years helped establish the position as the foremost post in the cabinet. James Madison Madison served as secretary of state during Jeffersons two terms in office, from 1801 to 1809. During Jeffersons administration the young nation had its fair share of international problems, including battles with the Barbary Pirates and increasing problems with the British interfering with American shipping on the high seas. Madison declared war on Britain while serving as president, a decision that was highly controversial. The resulting conflict, the War of 1812, had been rooted in Madisons time as secretary of state. James Monroe Monroe was secretary of state in Madisons administration, from 1811 to 1817. Having served during the War of 1812, Monroe was perhaps wary of further conflict. And his administration was known for making deals, such as the Adams-Onis Treaty. John Quincy Adams Adams was Monroes secretary of state from 1817 to 1825. It was actually John Adams who deserves credit for one of Americas greatest foreign policy pronouncements, the Monroe Doctrine. Though the message about involvement in the hemisphere was delivered in Monroes annual message (the predecessor of the State of the Union Address), it was Adams who had advocated for it and drafted it. Martin Van Buren Van Buren served two years as Andrew Jacksons secretary of state, from 1829 to 1831. After being secretary of state for part of Jacksons first term, he was nominated by Jackson to be the countrys ambassador to Great Britain. His appointment was voted down by the U.S. Senate, after Van Buren had already arrived in England. The senators who thwarted Van Buren as an ambassador may have done him a favor, as it made him sympathetic to the public and probably helped when he ran as president to succeed Jackson in 1836. James Buchanan Buchanan was secretary of state in the administration of James K. Polk, from 1845 to 1849. Buchanan served during an administration which was fixated on expanding the nation. Sadly, the experience did him no good a decade later, when the major problem faced by the country was the splitting of the nation over the issue of slavery. The Unsuccessful Candidates: Henry Clay Clay served as secretary of state for President Martin Van Buren from 1825 to 1829. He ran for president several times. Daniel Webster Webster served as secretary of state for William Henry Harrison and John Tyler, from 1841 to 1843. He later served as secretary of state for Millard Fillmore, from 1850 to 1852. John C. Calhoun Calhoun served as John Tylers secretary of state for one year, from 1844 to 1845.

Educational Policies on Undocumented Immigrants Essay

Educational Policies on Undocumented Immigrants - Essay Example During the 107th Congress in 2001, DREAM Act as a bipartisan legislation, was primarily introduced. Each year, there is evidence of a growing support for the DREAM Act. In the past years, it has gained 48 Senate cosponsors and more than 152 Republic and Democratic House Cosponsors. It has been approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2003-2004 108th Congress, and again in 2006, the DREAM act passed the full Senate as part of a Comprehensive immigration Reform Act of 2006. Under this Act, undocumented students who finished high school will be provided of the opportunity to apply for a conditional status, which can be renewed to a non-conditional green card, granting that they attend college or serve the U.S military for at least 2 years. To be eligible for immigration relief under the DREAM Act, a student must have entered the U.S more than 5 years ago, before the age of 16 or younger and must be able to display good moral reputation. Each year, there are hundreds of thousands of undocumented high school graduates who qualify for the DREAM Act provisions. This population consists of students who were both born and raised in the United States, or students who at an early age were brought and raised by their parents to live in the country. Many of these students excel academically and have displayed unique talents in arts and sports. These are the students hoping to serve the future nation as bankers, educators and health providers. Despite having lived in the U.S for most of their lives, they are confronted with hindrances to obtaining college education, have difficulties finding legal and professional jobs in the U.S, and often have to endure continuous fear of being caught by immigration authorities. While there is currently an increasing support for the DREAM Act, still a number of opposing parties have vetoed. California Governor -Elect Schwarzenegger said he opposed the bill with an emphasis that providing educational benefits to illegal residents posts threats against the General Fund (Cassady).Given this Act, oppositions argue how it does not make logic to use taxpayers' money to educate a work force that is not legal to work in the United States. In contrast, out-of-state students of the country have to pay a full amount for education. This privilege to illegal residents at the expense of the taxpayers is not a good idea at a time when costs of tuition fee are increasing (Kobach). There are also allegations how the DREAM Act defies the federal immigration law. There is a constant concern that this policy might encourage more illegal immigrants to rush into the country and take away the privileges from U.S citizens. In addition, without legal residency, these undocumented im migrants, despite their college degree will find it difficult to obtain quality positions and will end up to lower-paying jobs that they could have acquired without a college degree. On the contrary, the light of the DREAM Act is viewed as an economic progress strategy to lower the increasing rate of undocumented student drop-out. Not helping students attend college will result to much greater costs in the

Create a dialogue between two people. Describe and critique two Essay

Create a dialogue between two people. Describe and critique two perspectives on morality - Essay Example I believe in utilitarian ethics and I would like to discuss it with you and maybe learn about your moral basis.† Steve was delighted by the topic and replied, â€Å"I have also noted our differences and attributed it to diversity. Discussing our moral values would be important to our interpersonal relationship and will improve our perspective on our environments. I believe in deontology ethics. Could you please tell me about your ethical perspective?† David: â€Å"Utilitarian ethical perspective is based on the concept maximum good to a majority of members of the society (Brooks and Dunn 183). It informs judgment on a act, whether of commission or of omission, based on effects on members of the society and therefore means that morality of an act is determined after members of the society have interacted with the act and its effects, both positive and negative have been observed. The act is then said to be unethical if realized bad effects on members of the society are m ore significant than benefits from the act. It is however considered moral if greater benefits can be derived from it and this identifies two perspectives to determining ethics in an act, the extent of effects on people and the number of people that the act affect. Utilitarianism also relates to decisions whose implementation has effects on people. Rule utilitarianism explains this by offering rules that can lead to maximum good in a society. A decision to restrict a person’s right to smoke in a public place is for example moral under utilitarian ethics because while it may infringe the smoker’s need and may be cause distress, it will be beneficial to many other people I the immediate environment through ensuring clean air and protecting the people’s lives (Kanniyakonil 65- 66).† David: â€Å"I should have been keen to note that your judgments are based on consequentialism. My ethical perspective, deontology, is however a rule based perspective to moral j udgment. The perspective associates morality with duty that is expected of people in a society and is based on social rules. It is different from your ethical perspective because it disregards consequences of an act or a decision. An act that is consistent with established rules is for example considered ethical despite its negative consequence to members of the society and an act that contradicts existing rules and obligations is considered immoral irrespective of the net benefit that in which it results. considering your example of smoking in a public place and suppose that a the society allows people to smoke in public places, then the act of smoking is considered moral regardless of the air pollution and its associated effects on people’s health (Basford and Slevin 214, Showler 21)† David: â€Å"Reliance on rules for judging decisions and actions has the benefits in fair judgment and this is contrary to the scope of your utilitarian approach that also appear to be subjective. One of my concerns with utilitarian approach to ethics is the lack of a suitable measure for benefits and harm of an act. There is no standard measure and this compromises reliability and fairness because some people may be more sensitive than others are while some may exaggerate consequences. It is also difficult to identify population segments that have been affected by an act or a decis

Hrm Ulrichs Model Essay Example for Free

Hrm Ulrichs Model Essay ?Briefly describe the major features you would expect to find in an HR function which has adopted the Ulrich Model as the basis for its structure. The HR model as defined by Ulrich (1997) states that HR function should be: 1. Strategic Partners: Sit at the managerial table and contribute to the organisations strategy and alignment of HR strategy. Communicates efficiently with line management. Understands the business environment and drives key business processes and activities 2. Change Agents: Support, facilitate and initiate change, act as a stabilising force for employees in times of change 3. Employee Champions: Takes action to protect the interests and well being of the employees and ensuring they are the voice of the employee. 4. Administrative Experts: Ensures polices and procedures are up to date, they are legally compliant and have the ability to deliver innovative HR practices in HR recruitment, employee development and communication In the 1990’s Dave Ulrich moved to the three legged stool model for the organisation of the HR Function, this provided Centres of excellence This is a HR unit or an outsourced facility that provides HR services to a number of parties within the organisation. HR experts provide high level advice and solutions on key services and hr activities such as training and development, recruitment, reward and employee relations. Strategic Business Partners Senior HR Managers work closely with business leaders and line managers to contribute to the overall organisations strategy and align with HR strategy. They understand the business environment and drive key business processes and activities. HRM are expected to be creative Shared Services centres Large organisations provide a centralised HR function which deliver routine HR administration such as payroll, recruitment administration or absence monitoring.

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay -- American Presidents Hi

Biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt Introduction FDR Changed the very idea of what it meant to be president of the United States. FDR used his genius political skills and charisma to direct this nation into his own dreams. His ability to communicate encouragement and confidence to the American people aided his presidency more than his legislations. Winston Churchill likened his first meeting with FDR to â€Å"uncorking a bottle of champagne.† All future presidents would be forced to reckon with his legacy. The Beginning Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882. He was so sickly that he almost did not survive, and his worried parents held off naming him for two months. His father was James Roosevelt, a graduate of Union College and Harvard Law School, though not a practicing lawyer. James lived a life similar to an English country gentleman, with a large estate at Hyde Park in New York. Sara Delano, James Roosevelt's second wife, came from a family background equally distinguished as the Roosevelt’s. His age and her difficulty giving birth to Franklin prevented them from having any more children, and Franklin grew up as their beloved only child. His relationship with his parents, especially his mother, was very strong. It was her unshakeable faith in him that many believe gave him the self-confidence that enabled him to succeed later in life. French and German governesses educated Roosevelt until he was fourteen, and he spent most of his free time riding on the estate and playing alone. He accompanied his parents on their travels to Europe and to all their social engagements. This youth spent in the company of adults helped him develop a charm that would prove indispensable later in life, unable to relate to many children his own age. This proved to be a drawback when his parents sent him away to the Groton School, a recently opened school that had the backing of many of the leading men in America, such as J.P. Morgan. Roosevelt's experience at Groton was a personal disappointment because of his inability to win over his peers as he had won over his parents and their associates. It may have been the bitter memories of his years at Groton that made FDR determined to become a leader at Harvard, which he entered at the turn of the century. Unlike many of his fellow classmates, who were used to living the life of the idle ric h, FDR set the ... ...ing I have learned is that history telling is often no the whole truth. I think it would be only fair to read the thoughts of those who disagreed with his policies. 4) Arnold, Alex. Nothing to Fear: Lessons in Leadership from FDR. Portfolio Hardcover 2003. -I really liked the back flap intro the book when I read it. There are many books out there by people that seem to just be inspirational fluff. This book is by an executive who go through many of FDR’s tactics in leadership and how effective they were. This book should be a great read. 5) No Author. â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt† No Date Given. http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fr32.html - I thought it would be useful to use this short page that is full of facts. I figure if this is the White House’s page, it would be forced by reputation to be on its information. 6) Schlesinger JR, Arthur. Leaders and Revolutionaries: Franklin Delano Roosevelt. http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/fdr.html -Time Magazine is one of the oldest and most reputable magazines around. This is a comparatively short, yet compelling bio about FDR. The style of writing I believe will help my in my own writing format.

Death Changes Everything

Imogen is a thirteen year old girl. Her family consists of two older brothers, a dad called George, and a step-mother called Jenny. Her grandparents died, when she was a little, except a grandmother on her dads' side of the family called Mary. Her mother also died. Now all she has is a picture which she looks at every morning when she wakes up and just before she goes to bed. Jenny is an evil step-mother. Like one of those from a fairy tale. She seems to love George but hates children and wants nothing to do with them. In front of George she acts kindly towards them and makes an effort to communicate but when he's not around she just ignored them. Jenny is considered completely useless to the three kids. She sits at home watching television all day, she doesn't bother to clean the house or cook and instead she hires a maid and pays her to do the job. This isn't the type of mother role model that Imogen needs. She needs someone who could show her new things like teaching her how to cook complicated dishes for special occasions. Even though Imogen is well-behaved, she still needs a mother to go shopping with, to gossip with and have some mother, daughter time with. All these things could be done with friends but it's different when it's your mother. A mother gives advice that friends might not have experienced yet. George, Imogens' father, plays a big role in her life. He's a successful lawyer and Imogen takes him as her role model. George is a loving father who's always there for Imogen, helping her to make the right choices in life, encouraging her to study just that little bit harder for exams. He's not that big a role model for the boys as he is for Imogen but that's because they have other things on their mind instead of working hard to get a good education. Perfect. That's what Imogen is. She is a bright teenager with high ambitions of following her fathers' footsteps in becoming a lawyer. She has big, blue eyes, long, wavy hair and is short but extremely mature for her age. She loves school as much as cats loves mice and her friends are reliable, trustworthy and support her through thick and thin no matter what happens. Tom and Adam were two charming boys who had a way with the ladies. They were good students right up to the point of puberty. Usually girls are the ones with mood swings, but not in this case. They started misbehaving in class, then skipping lessons and finally stopped going to school altogether. Now they, unlike their sister, hate school. When in school they do everything to get themselves out and when out drinking alcohol, taking drugs were only a few of the things they do. They never seemed to understand how their own blood could love school so much. Imogens grandmother Mary was, in Imogens opinion, the nicest grandmother that ever lived. She lives abroad in Spain but visits regularly. She's loves all three children very much, she respects them and treats them like grown-ups. She is very healthy and lives life to the maximum, goes on holidays a lot, and is not scared of anything. Every time Mary visit's the country and they go shopping, Mary buys Imogen anything she asks for. Every morning, Imogens house, starts off the same way. She wakes up to the sound of her annoying brothers arguing with Jenny about how she doesn't have to act nicely in front of George and make them breakfast but this Monday morning she woke up to the sound of rain tapping at her window. She jumped out of bed, kissed her mothers photo, got washed and put her school uniform on. Walking down the stairs she noticed Jenny trying to make breakfast, with no complaints from the twins. That was because she was making pancakes and George was there watching his sons every move. She sat down next to Adam and as he turned around to ask Jenny for more food, he knocked over the glass of orange juice that was beside him, making it spill all over Imogens' school skirt. Walking back up the stairs to her bedroom, she slipped and bumped her knee onto the hard flood. She got up slowly and crawled to her bedroom. Rummaging through her closet she tried to find her other skirt. Realising it was in the laundry basket she walked over, got it out and put the malodorous skirt on. â€Å"That's disgusting!† said her twin brothers as they walked past her bedroom â€Å"It's not that dirty!† she lied The skirt wasn't literally dirty it just smelled. To take the smell away she went into the bathroom and smothered herself with perfume. Running back down the stairs she slipped and landed onto the side of her foot, hurting her ankle. Sitting on the floor thinking of how much pain was caused to her this morning she realised it was the start of a bad day. Looking up at the clock in the living room, it read quarter past eight. She was late. Today was the day of her first GCSE exam and Imogen wanted to get to school earlier than usual so that she could have enough time to go over the topics she wasn't very confident with. Now, if she took the bus, it would be impossible. George had still not left for work. He was standing in the kitchen reading a newspaper and drinking coffee. Imogen ran up to him and kissed him on the cheek. â€Å"Good morning dad.† â€Å"Good morning honey,† he replied, â€Å"did you sleep well?† â€Å"Yes I did,† said Imogen, â€Å"can you take me to school by any chance?† â€Å"Of course I could† â€Å"Boys, get downstairs, I'm taking your sister to school and I might as well take you too!† he yelled upstairs â€Å"We'll take the bus coz it's too early for us to be leaving for school.† They shouted back â€Å"Fine, but don't be late.† â€Å"We won't be,† they replied with huge grins on their faces Imogens dad loves old cars and he himself had a 1986 BMW 635CSi. The car was safe but had a few flaws. The airbags didn't work on the front passenger side and the seatbelts easily became unbuckled. George was never worried because he was a very safe driver and he could never give his car away. As soon as Imogen got in the car she put a book on her fathers lap and asked him to ask her some questions but he couldn't because he was about to drive, instead he told her that he would when they stopped at a red traffic light. When they did he took the old book into his hands and started asking questions. Imogen gave a perfect answer to each and every question. Meanwhile, on the road opposite to theirs were a couple of drunken teenagers, joy riding. They didn't notice that the red light was on and carried on driving. The driver lost control and the car started to skid on the wet ground and so ended up hitting Imogens' car. The out of control car hit the BMW head on causing George's seatbelt to unbuckle and he flew out the front window. Imogens airbag was broken but luckily her seatbelt didn't unbuckle. An ambulance arrived and took them to the busy hospital. Imogen and George were rushed straight into surgery for they had suffered serious head injuries. Unfortunately none of the drunk teens were wearing a seatbelt and received serious injuries. They died before the ambulance got to the scene. Three weeks later, slowly opening her eyes, Imogen found herself in a hospital bed surrounded by family and friends. â€Å"What happened to me? Why am I in a hospital? Asked Imogen â€Å"Imogen, this is really important, what's the last thing you remember? Asked the nurse â€Å"I remember my dad was taking me to school. Then we stopped at a traffic light and he was asking – where is my dad?† When the doctors operated on Imogen, they did the best they could, her injuries where bad and the doctors were not sure whether or not she would be able to remember everything when she awoke from the coma. â€Å"I don't know how to tell you this, but your father-† said the nurse â€Å"I'll tell her,† interrupted Mary, Imogens grandmother, â€Å"your father died the day you were rushed into hospital. The surgeons did everything they could but they just weren't able to stop the bleeding† By the time she finished the sentence both of them were in tears. Mary went up to her favourite grandchild and put her arms around her. â€Å"It's my entire fault, grandma, it's my entire fault!† Imogen repeated, â€Å"I know it is, I asked him to drive me to school, if he hadn't got in the car to take me to school, he would still be here! It's my entire fault! Now we have no one to look after us, and I've missed my GCSE exams. It's my entire fault!† â€Å"You still have Jenny to look after you and I called the school to explain the situation, they said you can retake them when you get back† Imogen stayed in the hospital for another week under monitoring. Her friends visited and so did her brothers. The week went past very slowly. Everyday, all she did was lay in bed, watch television, walk around a bit and then go back to bed. There were no children there her age and she didn't want to talk to elderly people. Imogen received beautiful bouquets of flowers and tasty chocolates from family but she didn't want any of it, she just wanted her caring dad by her side, helping her through this. When Imogen got out of the hospital her brothers took her home. Jenny was in the living room watching television. â€Å"Welcome home!† exclaimed Jenny Imogen just ignored her and went straight up to her bedroom. The next few days were a blur. Imogen stayed in bed most days mourning and crying over all the memories she had with her father. Every time she saw a picture of him she burst out into tears. The words: ‘It's my fault, why did it have to happen, what did he do to deserve this, it was my bad day!' kept running though her mind. Even when she slept, she had horrifying nightmares about the crash; she pictured her dad on the operating table, while she was behind glass unable to help him. She needed help, support, encouragement to get her back to normal, but with a step-mother like Jenny, that would be impossible. The first day she went to school her brothers left her at the gate. Looking at the school from a distance she realised that she wasn't ready to go in. Instead she followed her brothers to where they went. Tom led the way while Adam followed behind like a dog on a leash. During the journey, Tom and Adam went into, what looked like an abandoned house, when they came out Tom carried a small, plastic bag full of white pills. He put them in his pocket and walked on. They came to a lighthouse looking building which was surrounded by a high fence. On the fence was a warning sign which read ‘No unauthorised person'. The light house was covered with horizontal red and white stripes and a long, unstable, wooden ladder reached the ground from the top. The two brothers approached the lighthouse. Imogen stared at the building. It was very unusual for a lighthouse not to be near the ocean. While staring she carried on walking and stepped on a piece of loose metal lying on the floor. â€Å"What are you doing here? Asked Adam â€Å"I wanted to know were you were going. I could go back if you want.† â€Å"Yes, go back!† he shouted â€Å"No,† insisted Tom, â€Å"she doesn't know the way back and what if she gets lost. Just let her come up with us, what's the worst that could happen?† Tom went up the unstable ladder first, then went Imogen and last of all came Adam. Climbing up the ladder Imogen tried not to look down. As they neared the top of the lighthouse, strange voices could be heard. At first it sounded like there were only few people talking but as Imogen went higher up the ladder she started to hear more and more voices. â€Å"We're here† announced Tom as they reached the top. â€Å"Finally,† one boy said, â€Å"what took you so long?† â€Å"It's a long story;† answered Adam â€Å"but our little sister is here with us,† All the people sitting on the dirty lighthouse floor turned and looked at Imogen. â€Å"How old is she?† a girl asked Tom â€Å"I'm nearly 14† she answered her. â€Å"Isn't that a bit young?† she asked Tom again This time he answered her: â€Å"Well how old were we when all of this started?† â€Å"True, true. Good point.† Tom and Adam went around the lighthouse giving each person a couple of the white pills. Imogen went around to all the people, looking at what they were doing. To her it looked like they were drinking alcohol, swallowing the white pills and smoking weed. â€Å"What are the white pills and what do they do?† Imogen asked a little girl sitting in the corner sticking a white tablet in her mouth. â€Å"They're called ecstasy and they make me feel a whole lot better then I did this morning† answered the girl â€Å"I want some† requested Imogen â€Å"Sure,† said the girl, â€Å"but tell your brothers to get me an extra one, for next week.† The little girl was younger then Imogen but she looked worn-out and like she hadn't eaten in weeks. For a few short seconds after swallowing the tablet Imogen felt nothing, then minutes later the action kicked in. She felt ecstatic. Like nothing could ever go wrong. Then taking a sip of a transparent drink, she felt dizzy but relaxed. Finally, when she inhaled the weed she felt like all her problems and worries vanished and she was in a completely different world. School or education didn't matter. In this world she felt like she could do anything, even fly. Everyday, instead of taking Imogen to school, her brothers took her with them to the lighthouse. This carried on for weeks until Stephanie, the little girl that gave Imogen the weed, ecstasy and alcohol, had a heart attack. Lucky for everyone there, she had no family, so all they had to do was bury her in the cemetery at night. This was too much for Imogen. The death of the little girl made her remember the death of her dad. She realised that taking drugs, smoking and drinking alcohol wasn't the way to deal with death. She had to face death and just get over it. â€Å"I'm not going to come here with you any more,† Announced Imogen. â€Å"Why not?† asked her brothers â€Å"Because what your doing is bad for your health and what point are you trying to prove by drinking, drugs and smoking?† There is no point to prove, it makes us feel good and you should know, you've tried it for yourself and you know the pleasure it gives you.† â€Å"There's no pleasure in this if there is a risk of dying. I will give up.† â€Å"It's not as simple as it sounds. You go through a lot of pain when you try to give up. Are you sure you're ready?† asked her brothers â€Å"I will give up, I don't want to die like little Stephanie did. The only reason I started this was because I couldn't get over dads death and I didn't get any support from anyone, but me dying isn't going to make anything better either.† â€Å"Tomorrow you're going to end up coming back with us,† warned Adam â€Å"No,† Imogen said, â€Å"Tomorrow will be another day.† Stopping wasn't difficult. Imogen went through the normal process of withdrawal symptoms; aches and pains, sweating, shaking, headaches and cravings for the drug, but thinking about her father's and Stephanie's death helped her to pull through.

Imaginative writing (George)/writing to describe (Harley Davidson) Essay

(1) Imaginative Piece of Writing Characters from Of Mice and Men – John Steinbeck George now has a wife, Rose and 2 kids. He wakes up every night remembering that he murdered Lennie. Darn flies, *splat* mmph better get up *yawn* and go get a glass of water otherwise I’ll never get to sleep again. *Walks downstairs* Stupid creaking stairs ooo the lino’s cold. Glass Glass Glass, right Water, mmm that was nice. Feels cold in here†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.where the heck’s that draft comin’ from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦*huff* windows open, I told Rose to close that. *Looks out window* Crops lookin’ good, I’ll get ol’ big red out the barn tomorrow and start cuttin’ it down. *Thinks about Lennie* Lennie would have like this place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..he could have helped me with the crops†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pushed the kids on the swing in the old apple tree†¦..and al’ the animals would have kept him happy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦he would have loved the rabbits that run free al’ over the farm. If only I hadn’t sho, no, what I did was right, it was for the best. Yeah that’s it I did him a favour, yeah, yeah. I keep telling myself I did the right thing but I still feel so damn guilty†¦..i just wish we’d never gone to that ranch and never met her†¦it was all her fault†¦.it was all because of her. But Lennie’s safe now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.he’s safe from people like her †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I bet Lennie’s up in heaven chasing the rabbits with his pup *laugh* Lennie, I’ll never forget you†¦..you’ll always be in my heart. * Rose calls down from upstairs* George, you there? *Calls back* I’ll be up in a minute Rose. Right, come on then, better get back to bed n get some sleep. *Walks upstairs* Sssh stop creaking, don’t wana disturb the kids. *Talks quietly to Rose* Rose, I couldn’t sleep so I went and got a glass of water. *Whispers† Were you thinking of Lennie? Yeah George, you could have a garden with rabbits and other things that Lennie liked, then when you can’t sleep, you could go there and think about him. *Thinks about Lennie’s garden and replies happily* Yeah, that’s a great idea, I’ll get the kids to help me make Lennie’s garden tomorrow. What would I do without you Rose. *Switches off light* Night Darlin’ Night George *Rose Kisses George on check* (2) Writing to describe (Harley Davidson Motorbikes) Harley Davidson are a company that make motorbikes. The company was formed in 1903 in Milwaukee, by William Harley and Arthur Davidson. To begin with Harley Davidson produced push-bikes but in 1903 they made their first motorbike, the racer. Harley Davidson bikes are well known for being strong and reliable and because of this, they are commonly used by both the American police and the fire department. When people think of Harley Davidson they think of gangs of men with leathers, long beards and hair riding chopper bikes, with long forks and handlebars. Who travel from town to town terrorising the townsfolk and who live on the open road. People dream of having the same freedom as the gangs and wish they could be like them. The dream that comes with owning a Harley Davidson is of travelling through the great wilderness of the mid west and along Route 66. To fly like the eagle along the road and let nothing hold you back from your journey. Although Harley Davidson was first created in America people all over the world have joined the Harley Davidson family by owning one of their machines. When you buy a Harley Davidson you not only get a piece of the American dream you also gain entry to the exclusive Harley Owners Group, HOG, where you can make friends with other proud owners. All other Britain different Chapters of owners get together and ride to seaside towns in the Southwest. At these rallies bikers get together to admire each others bikes. Many have specialist artwork, such as Wolfs and Eagles, on their bikes and clothing Harley Davidson also make merchandise that feature their many designs. Merchandise such as: Jackets, T-shirts, Hats and Wallets. Harley Davidson have various logos. Many of them have the American Eagle, which is a symbol of power and freedom. Most of the logos feature strong bold designs in black and orange. Harley Davidson give people excitement and danger which contrasts with their normal boring everyday life. My advice to you is to go and buy a Harley Davidson fuel your imagination. Go on, make it happen, there’s no time like the present.

Booker T. Washington Essays - Booker T. Washington, Free Essays

Booker T. Washington Essays - Booker T. Washington, Free Essays Booker T. Washington Booker Taliaferro Washington was born on April 5, 1856 in Franklin County, Virginia near a cross-roads post-office called Hale?s Ford. He was an American educator and a black leader. When Booker was a child he worked in coal mines for nine months a year and spent the other three attending school. In 1875 he graduated after working his way through Hampton Institute. In 1881 he became the first president of Tuskegee Institute, a trade school for blacks that live in Alabama. When the Tuskegee Institute first opened it had only one teacher, about fifty students and 2,000 dollars a year from the state of Alabama. By it?s 25th anniversary under Washington?s leadership, the school had more than 1,500 students, training in 37 industries. In 1882 Booker got married to Miss Fannie N. Smith of Malden, West Virginia. Fannie died in May of 1884. One child, Portia M. Washington, was born during their two year marriage. In 1885 Booker married Miss Olivia Davidson. Later on after four happy years of marriage Miss Olivia Davidson died in 1889. Two children had been born while they were married Booker Taliaferro Jr. and Ernest Washington. In 1893 he was married to Miss Margaret James Murray, a native of Mississippi, and a graduate of Fisk University located in Nashville, Tennessee. Although Washington lived during a time in which his race was widely discriminated against, he recommended training black people for trades to build up their economic position before fighting for their integration and equality. He believed that black people advance only if they were educated. In 1895 Booker presented his views in a speech at the Atlanta Exposition, he rapidly gained the attention of white leaders. He became powerful in channeling contributions to black causes and in getting blacks appointed to federal jobs. He advised presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard taft on racial matters. Booker?s greatest surprise was the letter he received from Harvard University on May 28, 1896 inviting him to the approaching Commencement, an honorary degree on June 24. In the summer of 1900 with the assistance of Mr. T. Thomas Fortune he organized the National Negro Business League which brought together lots of colored men engaged in many lines of business from different parts of the United States. Booker died on November 14, 1915 six years after Booker died Miss Margaret died in 1925.

Navigating Amazonland

Navigating Amazonland So, you want to sell your books on Amazon? There is no magic to it, just hard work. Before you bother trying to figure out the secret handshake, Ill tell you what most authors will tell you: First, write a darn good book. If youre an indie author, the next thing you should do is hire a darn good editor, then a professional cover designer, then write an amazing book blurb. Write the kind of blurb that will grab the readers For indies, its all about free. You can create a FaceBook page for your book to build excitement, list your book on Goodreads, make a book trailer and then advertise it on indietrailers.wordpress.com. All of these things are free. Keep getting your name out there. You can make an About me page. Get on Twitter. Run contests or give aways on your FB page and on Goodreads. Coax your local papers into running press releases. Chat it up on Kindle Boards. Run an ad inBookbub, or on EReader News Today. All of these ideas will work in your favor, some free, some not. But lets talk free promotion on Amazon. First go to Author Central, a free webpage you can create on the Amazon site. Show the world who you are. Here, readers can see your latest tweet, read your

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Project Managment - Essay Example Like other projects the Scantel project may have some risks involve on it. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risks that may cause delay on the completion of the project. Upon identifying it the paper will suggest on what strategy will be used to be able to overcome the risks. This will be a step by step analysis to evaluate clearly the risks that might happen along the way. At the end of the paper a conclusion will be presented showing the possible success of this project. The Scantel projects consist of a five major sub-systems: Lens and lens mounting; Vission support system; Display system; Control Logic System, and Chassis and body. The analysis will be done on the five major systems. Risk identification determines what might happen that could affect the objectives of the project, and how those things might happen. The identification should be comprehensive, as risks that are not identified at an earlier time may threaten the success of the project and cause unpleasant result. The process should be structured using the key elements to examine risks systematically. The identification can be done thru brainstorming, since it is the most effective and flexible way of identifying risk. The needed information in identifying the risk includes historical data, theoretical analysis, empirical data and analysis, informed opinions of the project team and other experts and the concerns of stakeholder. In the Scantel Project the diagram is presented in two ways; the full Scantel Network Diagram (Appendixt1) and the Simplified Network Diagram (Appendix 2). The event listings involve the step by step event that will guide the team in planning. A project manager will ensure the success of a project by minimizing risk throughout the lifetime of the project. One of the biggest problems teams face in risk management is their desire to be very precise in their probability estimates. But, because most probabilities are subjective, precision need not extend to the fifth decimal place. It is the facilitator's role to ensure that the team does not spend an excessive amount of time fine-tuning probability estimates. (Merrit, Smith, 2003). Probability risk needs to be assessed. The initial step in assessing the probable risk is to identify the possible risk. In Scantel Project the risks were identified in the five sub system: The lens, Vision support system, the control logic, Chassis and body and the display system. Based on the investigation they have done they were able to evaluate which among the sub-systems are on risk. The probability can be assessed by determining which among the risk will be highly risky that it will clearly affect the project. As what the investigation show among the 5 sub system the most critical event are the Lens. This sub-system involves events 5-38-43-44 (refer to Appendix 1). This is said to be critical because of the complex shape and a degree of curvature of no more than 0.0005 on the projected image that would be permissible if the system was to perform up to its intended design specification. The time frame is affected because the production of lens required high tolerance and it will undergo into a trial and error approach in the manufacture. The exact time to manufacture would be uncertain. Since the diagram shows dependency, it would be impossible to

Effects of Eating Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Eating Disorders - Essay Example This leads to lack of the necessary food elements required for brain development, proper blood circulation, and white blood cells production among others. Anorexia is usually caused by, (a) societal demands, where people in the society uphold some values like being thin or light in weight is good. (b) Fear of developing diseases or conditions associated with overweight like high blood pressure or even development of piles.(Painful growh with sores around the anus). (c) Social aspects like some particular types of games that require one to be of light weight. (d) Genetic associated like where most family members are overweight and one wants to deviate from his/her family condition which is problematic.This may even cause social or societal disorientation, loss of family or cause stress. This is the disorder whereby the victim usually have a lot of appetite and is generally a heavy and frequent eater though at the same time is afraid of gaining weight. The victim ends up using other means of getting rid of the eaten food from the body by forcing vomit or even doing extraneous body exercises. This develops into psycho social disorders like low self esteem, personal self diffidence, and risk of bacteria contamination while purging using dirty fingers. Hunger strike being a very old disorder and/or practice is where the subject person deliberately avoid food, especially solid food. This is practiced for diverse reasons, like political protests and religious practices. Hunger strike practically leads to lack of essential food elements in the body. Some of the elements in the solid food are energy giving food whose deficiency will lead to dizziness, adverse loss of weight and even failure to heal in case of damaged tissues as the body will not have the essential food to repair tissues. Lack of food for a long period leads to a lot of acidity in stomach, which burns the internal tissues

On literature review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On literature review - Assignment Example The paper reviews the literature on the topic of the impacts of internet on information literacy and library skills. The use of the internet has led to increased skills in the use of the library (Probert, 2009). The use of the internet particularly â€Å"Web 2.0† has implications for libraries. Technologies of Web 2.0 which include a synchronized messaging and streaming data, social networks, blogs, tagging, RSS feeds and wikis have changed the way in which libraries provide access to their collections and the support for the library users (Probert, 2009). Internet has been used in learning institutions to check for plagiarism in student papers (Probert, 2009). Plagiarism simply refers to the use of one’s piece of work as your original text. With the invention of the internet many students have found the information especially for their assignment accessible (Probert, 2009). The internet provides relevant information which increases information literacy among the students. However, most students have engaged in dishonest practices. The use of the internet such as the Turnitin has made it possible to check for plagiarism on students papers (Probert, 2009). In conclusion, the use of the internet has led to information literacy and improved library skills. The use of internet has improved the research methods among the students increasing accessibility of relevant information. In order to improve the information literacy, there is need to encourage the use of the

Quantitative Analysis of Workplace Bullying Data

Quantitative Analysis of Workplace Bullying Data Bullying behavior was typically experienced on the playground or within the school systems of school age children, but now this multi-causal phenomenon is being reported by adults in the workplace at an astronomical level. Exploratory research has insinuated that there is not just one clear definition of workplace bullying but a combination of definitions (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). Workplace bullying transpires when an employee encounters a steadfast pattern of ill-treatment from others in the work environment that brings about harm (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). This type of harassment can consist of such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, emotional, physical abuse and public disgrace (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). This form of workplace hostility is, for the most part, difficult to validate because, unlike the classical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often functio n within the traditional regulations and policies of their organization (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). In examining three peer-reviewed articles (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014), the researchers used several different types of descriptive statistics to measure workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important to describe descriptive statistics data and the different methods used that summarizes the sample and the measures (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). In combination with charts and graphic analysis (Jackson, 2016), descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015) formed the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data which were used by each researcher to describe workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014) as it affects ones physical health (de pression), on how role stressors can influence bullying behavior and the academic levels of the individuals being bullied (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). First, is to define descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015), illustrate or summarize data in a study, for example, such as patterns of large numbers of data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015) do not, however, allow one to make conclusions beyond the data that is analyzed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses that might have made (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). They are simply a way to describe ones data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). For example, Chipps et al., (2013) study illustrates the incidence of workplace bullying among preoperative RNs, surgical technologists, and unlicensed preoperative personnel in two academic medical centers (Chipps et al., 2013). The study sought to determine whether the demographic variables of gender, ethnicity, hospital location, years of experience on the unit, years in the profession, and job title predict the experience of workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013). In addition, to ascertain whether a relationship exists between workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion (Chipps et al., 2013); and whether bullying is associated with perceptions of patient safety in the operating room (Chipps et al., 2013). The cross-sectional analysis included one hundred and sixty-seven preoperative nurses, surgical technologists, and unlicensed preoperative personnel (Chipps et al., 2013). The IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for Windows (IBM, New York, NY ) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics was calculated for each hospital in two different demographic areas (Chipps et al., 2013). In Table (1), the participants in Hospital A had a response rate of forty percent, and Hospital B had a response rate of twenty-three percent. Table 1. Comparison of Demographic Variables Of the total study sample of professionals, forty-five percent of participants were registered nurses (SD=14.3), fifty-three percent were nonRN surgical technologists (SD=15.9) and two percent (SD=1.2) were another unlicensed personnel who reported to nursing services in Table 2 (Chipps et al., 2013). Table 2. Comparison of Job Title/Profession The sample size in Figure 1, the sample size was seventy-four percent predominately white, twenty percent black and sixty percent identified self in the other category (Chipps et al., 2013). The demographics differences were significant between Hospital A and Hospital B (Chipps et al., 2013). Figure1. Sample size In Table 2 illustrated a frequency of bullying acts in in order of frequency on at least a monthly basis (Chipps et al., 2013), for example, his or her opinions ignored at twenty-eight percent (Chipps et al., 2013); twenty-seven percent reported being shouted at by peers (Chipps et al., 2013).; twenty-six percent reported experiencing information purposely withheld which hindered his or her work performance (Chipps et al., 2013), twenty-five percent humiliated in front of others and twenty-five percent experiencing rumors or gossip spread about him or her (Chipps et al., 2013). Table 1. Frequency of Bullying Acts The next study examined several hypotheses as it relates to role stressors within an individuals work environment and modern day occurrences of self-reported workplace bullying. Reknes et al., (2014) research revealed that role stressors are associated with workplace bullying after conducting a study with twenty Norwegian businesses (Reknes et al., 2014). During 2004 to 2009, a longitudinal study was conducted in the private and public sectors to focus on the characteristics of the work environment (Reknes et al., 2014). It was to ascertain whether role stressors, at baseline, can foretell new incidents of workplace bullying in the near future (Reknes et al., 2014). A sum of two thousand, eight hundred and thirty-five Norwegian employees joined the baseline and follow-up, with an interim of two years within the measurements (Reknes et al., 2014). The average ages of the participants were forty-five years of age, and sixty-four percent were women (Reknes et al., 2014). A sum of one hundred and six participants reported to be bullied in Figure 1, whereas, two thousand and three hundred and eighty-five participated said to not being bullied (Reknes et al., 2014). Figure 1. Respondent to the 1st and the 2nd surveys (N=2,835) Even though drop out analyzes were conducted using independent sample t-test on role conflict (N=245) and role ambiguity (N=158 [(Reknes et al., 2014).], the survey revealed no significant differences in the scores for role conflict for those who only participated in completing the 1st survey (Reknes et al., 2014), compared to those who participated in both measurement points (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). However, those who participated in the 1st and the 2nd surveys (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated a mean of 1.68 (Reknes et al., 2014) for role ambiguity and a mean of 2.47 (Reknes et al., 2014) for role conflict. Three hundred and forty-four (Reknes et al., 2014) self-reports of bullying behavior were missing from the baseline survey (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). In additions, Figure 2 illustrated the following distribution of the respondents in the 1st and 2nd surveys (N=2835 [(Reknes et al., 2014)], in a table format showing an age frequency distribution with five categories of age ranged defined (Reknes et al., 2014). Figure 2. A frequency distribution of Age in table format The respondents in the 1st and the 2nd survey regarding the baseline characteristics of the respondents (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated that individuals within forty to forty-nine of age (33.5%) is more likely to complete the survey than respondents (Reknes et al., 2014), under the age of thirty (5.5%). Whereas, self-reported bullying (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated that role conflict nearly duplicate the likelihood of becoming a new target of bullying at T2 (odd ratio of 1.92). Consequently, the results showed no significant difference in the scores for role conflict for those who only participated in the first measurement (Reknes et al., 2014), compared to those who participated at both measurement points (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). The research supported the data that role ambiguity and role conflict, individually, added to consequent different reports of workplace bullying. The statistical analysis was administered using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for Windows ( IBM, New York, NY ). Lastly, McTernan et. al., 2013, conducted a longitudinal survey design over a twelve months’ time frame. This investigation was to examine how job stressors and depression can influence productivity loss (McTernan et. al., 2013). First, to investigate this underlying assumption was to begin with data preparation on how to carry out data analysis (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Data preparation involved acquiring or collecting the data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015); reviewing the data for accuracy (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015); inserting the data into the computer; modifying the data, and generating and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Secondly, is to utilize a codebook that represents each variable in the data and where and how it can be accessed (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). For example, indicating the variable descripti on, organizing the variable format (number and data), identifying the respondent or group, and identifying the variable location (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Initially, the data was collected in 2009 and repeated in 2010 by an Australia workplace barometer (McTernan et. al., 2013). The data was gathered from two Australian states, Western Australia, and New South Wales (McTernan et. al., 2013). The sample size was increased, in order to weigh the gain in the control versus the time and cost of having more participants or gathering more data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). In this review, twenty thousand Austrian homes (McTernan et. al., 2013) phone numbers were called, yet the final sample consisted of one thousand three hundred twenty-six participants from north of South Wales and one thousand four hundred and sixty-four from Western Australia (McTernan et. al., 2013). The experiment consisted of one thousand three hundred and ninety females age d between eighteen and seventy-seven and between eighteen and eighty-five; the total male participants were one thousand three hundred and ninety –six (McTernan et. al., 2013). Time 2 data was composed of participants from Time 1 who agreed to take a follow-up questionnaire at least one year later in 2010 (McTernan et. al., 2013). Of the primary participants at Time 1, there were two thousand and seventy-four (McTernan et. al., 2013) who participated in the survey, whereas, with Time 2 consisted of nine hundred and twenty-seven females between nineteen and seventy-eight and one thousand and one hundred and forty-seven males between nineteen and eighty-two (McTernan et. al., 2013). The measure utilized the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 depression measure for a nine-item scale based on several criteria’s of depressive disorders in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual DSM-IV (McTernan et. al., 2013). Table 1 depicts the individual yearly productively loss cost (McTernan et. al., 2013) estimations as it relates to depression (N=2074). The relationship was significant as it related to the unstandardized parameters (McTernan et. al., 2013) by comparing the annual sickness absence (hours) with productivity loss using descriptive statistics (McTernan et. al., 2013). The annual sickness absence illustrated 138.4 hours loss (SD=48.24) due to the severity level of the workers’ depression (McTernan et. al., 2013), as compared to, 28% productivity loss (SD=3.5). Table 2 illustrated the estimated odd ratios for job strain and workplace bullying on depression as well as the odd ratios and population attributable risk for job strain, bullying and job strain without bullying (McTernan et. al., 2013). The researchers used the population attributable risk as a method to estimate the proportion of a disease burden that could theoretically be eliminated by the removal of a causal factor (McTernan et. al., 2013). The findings confirmed that the underlying assumption of the link between job stressors and productively loss via depression (McTernan et. al., 2013). The prevalence of exposure to job strain was 22.5% (McTernan et. al., 2013) compared to bullying exposure 5.9% (McTernan et. al., 2013). The population attributable failed to yield any significant difference when job strain and bullying was used independently, yet, when combined, the results showed the annual depression cost which contributed to productivity loss (McTernan et. al., 2013). Table 2. Population Attributable Risk References Chipps, E., Stelmaschuk, S., Albert, N., Bernhard, L., Holloman, C. (2014). Workplace bullying in the OR: Results of a descriptive study, AORN Journal, 98(5):479-493. IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. New York, NY: IBM Corp. Jackson, S. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. (5th ed.) United States of American: Boston, MA. McTerman, W., Dollard, M., LaMontagne, A. (2013). Depression in the workplace: An economic cost analysis of depression-related productivity loss attributable to job strain and bullying, Work Stress, 27(4):321-338. Reknes, I., Einarsen, S., Knardahl, S., Lau, B. (2014). The prospective relationship between role stressors and new cases of self-reported workplace bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55:45-52. Trochim, T., Donnelly, J., Arora, A. (2015). Research methods: The essential knowledge base. United States of America: Boston, MA.