Is There a Need for Constraining or Even Prohibiting the Sale and Use Essay

Is There a Need for Constraining or Even Prohibiting the Sale and Use of Alcohol - Essay Example Hence, those in favor propose that there should be monitored restrictions or absolute prohibition on alcohol consumption whereas the opponents who are in majority recommend that individuals should be guaranteed liberty to consume as much as they prefer. Alcohol consumption is a major factor that contributes to the increasing crime rate. In many countries its involvement can be up to 60 percent to 70 percent. It is one of the common reasons that lead to chaos in the public for example fights on the streets. It adds up figures to the list of sexual assaults, domestic violence, brutal crimes, murders, child abuse etc. Therefore in short, alcohol consumption is one of the leading factors that build up ground for crimes and violent behavior and a fall in its consumption will definitely lead to controlling these wrong deeds. Contrary to this, the opponents claim that sex and violence are two things toward which humans are inclined by nature and alcohol plays no part in bringing the urge fo r it. Alcohol can aid the process but is not a cause for them. The causes for them are biological. Hence whether it is made illegal, violence will continue. The drug laws in the country should be uniform. Addictive drugs like cannabis are made illegal because they affect the human mind, although they result in nearly no violence and crime. So drugs like alcohol should definitely be forbidden because of their immense crime rate. On the other hand those who oppose this stance claim that even cannabis should be legalized because the mainstream knows how to use these drugs securely and maturely. It is an addictive and destructive drug that when taken in large quantities, it completely shatters human lives. People end up with broken marriages, losing jobs, disturbed families, becoming shelter less only because of extreme alcoholism. Sadly its percentage is very high in our country. However, as opposed to this others believe that drinking has been a part of many cultures since hundreds of years. It is a social phenomenon and banning this act is entirely impractical. It is very much correct that if alcohol is banned the government will face huge losses in the tax revenues. However this is not a serious issue. It is because the government is already spending so much on treatment of addicts, illnesses related with alcohol and also on the police department for addressing alcohol related crimes and issues. If alcohol is banned, these spending will also cut down and the losses in tax revenue will be settled. Opponents however believe that alcohol has multibillion dollar industry globally and being a part of it brings huge revenues for the government through taxation and duties. Banning it would bring a massive set back to the governments earnings. Moreover if it is banned, black markets, traffickers, ill legal drug users will continue to flourish and this way the government would lose all its revenues. No doubt that drinking is very common in our country in all age groups and the government earns huge revenues through the industry, it still is a harmful substance for the humans in numerous aspects. It destroys the brain cells and drinkers have 10 percent smaller hippocampi- the part of the brain that deals with memory and learning, as compared to non drinkers. Severe drinking can lead to alcohol poisoning which can cause respiratory

Of Pandas, People, and Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Of Pandas, People, and Propaganda - Essay Example This holds that the acquisition of knowledge can be explained by justified true belief. Justified true belief was defined by Plato in his work Theatetus. This says that in order for anyone to truly know a thing, that thing: must be true; we must believe it; and there must be sufficient evidence for it (i.e., it must be justified). "If a belief is justified, there is something which justifies it. The thing which justifies a belief can be called its justifier. If a belief is justified, then it has at least one justifier What sort of thing can be a justifier Three things that have been suggested are: beliefs only; beliefs together with other conscious mental states; and beliefs, conscious mental states, and other facts about us and our environment (which we may not have access to)" (Answers.com, 2005). Gettier posed the question: "Is justified true belief knowledge" In his paper, Gettier set forth conundrums which he believed demonstrated a fallacy with justification of belief into know ledge. d. Jones is the man who will get the job, and Jones has ten coins in his pocket. Smith's evidence for (d) might be that the president of the company assured him that Jones would in the end be selected, and that he, Smith, had counted the coins in Jones's pocket ten minutes ago. Proposition (d) entails: Let us e. The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. Let us suppose that Smith sees the entailment from (d) to (e), and accepts (e) on the grounds of (d), for which he has strong evidence. In this case, Smith is clearly justified in believing that (e) is true. But imagine, further, that unknown to Smith, he himself, not Jones, will get the job. And, also, unknown to Smith, he himself has ten coins in his pocket. Proposition (e) is then true, though proposition (d), from which Smith inferred (e), is false. In our example, then, all of the following are true: (i) (e) is true, (ii) Smith believes that (e) is true, and (iii) Smith is justified in believing that (e) is true. But it is equally clear that Smith does not know that (e) is true; for (e) is true in virtue of the number of coins in Smith's pocket, while Smith does not know how many coins are in Smith's pocket, and bases his belief in (e) on a count of the coins in Jones's pocket, whom he falsely believes to be the man who will get the job" (Gettier, 1963). Gettier demonstrated that knowledge is not acquired as simply or straight-forwardly as philosophers had assumed for over 2000 years. Factual knowledge is not as simple or self-evident as it so often seems to be. Thus, the process of learning cannot be taken for granted. Questions about learning and the acquisition of knowledge need to be posed that can apply to all disciplines, including the natural and social sciences, history, the arts, mathematics, and language. Definitive answers are hard to come by. "'What is Truth' said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer," wrote Francis Bacon in his Of Truth, Essays or Counsels Civil and Moral (Theory of Knowledge, 2005). Philosophers have studied the topic of epistemology ever since the time of Plato. Several different theories of the learning process have gained hold in Western

Law and Practice of International Organizations Research Paper

Law and Practice of International Organizations - Research Paper Example This is a classic opinion which reflects the intention that the Assembly is merely a parliamentary advisory body with the binding decisions being taken by the Security Council. The GA is characterized an international forum and the meeting of the Member states. As a general rule, GA does not have the power to legislate and its resolutions cannot have the binding effect of laws which are enacted by the national parliament. The resolutions do not have a legal and binding effect and does not create a legal or moral obligation among member states. However, recommendations from the Member states can address important issues of global concern and foster cooperation among states. Malanczuk and Akehurst (1997 p. 53) has concluded that the International Court of Justice in the Nicaragua case has ruled that resolutions of international organizations as a source of law. However, a resolution passed in a meeting of international organization is never conclusive as evidence of customary law. Thus , the mere statement of what a law is supposed to be is not sufficient in evidence, but nothing more an attempt on the part of the states to clarify their position. GA resolutions, even if they may not be binding have a normative value, which means that in certain circumstances, they provide important evidence in establishing the existence of a rule or the emergence of opinion juris. It is necessary to look at the content and the conditions of its adoption to weigh its normative character. These resolutions of international organizations are sometimes known as the â€Å"soft law†, in the sense that the guideline of conduct are not strictly binding norms of law and operate in a grey zone between law and politics, which lack a legally binding quality( Malanczuk and Akehurst, 1997 p. 53). Therefore, the client is not expected to follow the resolution issued by the UN General Assembly because it does not create a legal obligation to the client. The client will also not be subject ed to any sanction even if it complies with its contract with Israel because the resolution issued by the Assembly is merely recommendatory and generally has no legal and binding effect. Hambro (1977, p.250) reported that there is a fundamental difference between the decisions made by the SC which are binding on all member States, while recommendations made by GA are not binding on the states per se, except to those states which have accepted them. However, Dugard, Bethlehem and Du Plessis (1997. P. 34) suggested than an accumulation of resolutions, a repetition of recommendations on a particular subject, may amount to evidence of collective practice on the part of the States. However, the answer will still be different if the arms embargo to Israel was ordered by the Security Council on the basis of Article 41 of the Charter. In this case, I will advise the client to obey and follow the order of arms embargo of the SC to avoid being sanctioned. â€Å"Unlike the UN General Assembly , the Security Council has the competence to adopt resolutions under Articles 24 and 25 of the UN Charter which is binding among all Member States of the organization†(Shaw, 2008, p 116). Therefore, it is mandatory upon the client to strictly follow the resolution of the Security Council. Shaw (2008, p. 411) has concluded in his report that a person who commits a crime within the jurisdiction

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Assignment

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages - Assignment Example Teaching English with examples and meanings of the verbs, proverbs, tenses, etc, in regional languages does help a lot to the students and have helped and improved me tremendously. 3) I didn't have any major problem in learning English. I used to talk English whenever with my friends, colleagues, etc. I used to concentrate more on my grammatical errors and tried to minimize the same. I started to talk English slowly because fast speaking does make it harder for me. I spoke slowly and then when I became fluent with English, I was fast. 4) a) Borrow: Lend - Borrow is to take and use something that belongs to somebody else. For ex; I would like to borrow your umbrella. Whereas Lend is to give something to somebody that belongs to you, for ex: I can lend you my umbrella. b) Win: Beat - Win is something that is achieved in the game/sports whereas beat is used against opponents. For ex. I win the prize. Or I have won the game. And on the other hand, I beat all the runners in the event or Brazil beats Austria to win the premier league. c) Go back : Come back - Go back is used to send someone back from where he has come. It puts emphasis on returning to the place from where you have left. For ex; Go back to your room or please go back to your place. Whereas Come back is used to call somebody back to the person himself who is calling. For ex.

Environmentally Susutanable Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Environmentally Susutanable Business - Essay Example The companies of one country are successfully involved in trade relations with other countries. Also, many of the countries are having their production units in many parts of the world, making them truly multi – national corporations. The one major aspect of the tremendously competitive business world of today has been the flow of information. It is perceived that the right information in the right moment can do the trick. Also, the reach of the end customers have increased by great extent, thanks to the modern methods of communication like that of internet and cellular phones. Analysing the above facts, it can be well accepted that the commercial fraternity across the globe has been experiencing terrific competition like never before. Apart from the core competencies, the companies are always looking for the extra edge that could gain them the advantage. The companies of modern world are no more focusing on increasing only the shareholders’ value. Rather, the concept in contention today is the enhancement of stake holder’s value. Almost all of the major corporate houses are emphasising to create value for all the stake holders namely the customers, the suppliers, the employees, the regulators, the financial institutions and even for the media along with the true owners i.e. the shareholders. The companies are focusing more on sustainable and long term development. It is well accepted today that only those companies that bank upon sustainable development could exist amidst the turbulent times of today. Royal Dutch Shell, popularly known as Shell, has been one of the leading energy and the petro - chemical producing companies of the world. The company aims to meet the energy requirements of the society without compromising the economic, social and environmental factors. The group recognises the fact that resources are scarce and therefore employs every possible measure to use the resources in the best possible

States Make Wars, but Wars Make States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

States Make Wars, but Wars Make States - Essay Example Hobbes conceived the hypothetical notion of the natural condition of mankind from axiomatic proposition of human nature. Hobbes's state of nature is exemplified by the famous motto "bellum ominum contra omnes" (war of every man against every man) where every person has a right and a need to do anything to preserve their own liberty and safety. To escape this state of chaos and also the satisfy the needs for a comfortable life, people form social contract, ceding their individual rights to create sovereignty ruled under absolute monarch, which was the preferred type of rule by Hobbes, or other types of rule, such as democracy. A unified definition would claim that a state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external, sovereignty over a definite territory. The existing historical evidence only supports the theory of Hobbes concerning the creation of states. Although the creation of the city of Rome is shrouded in myth, archaeological evidence point to the conclusion that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill and surrounding hills approximately eighteen miles from the Tyrrhenian Sea and the south side of the Tiber. This location the Tiber forms a Z-shape curve that contains an island where the river can be forded. Because of the river and the ford, Rome was at a crossroads of traffic following the river valley and of traders travelling north and south on the west side of the peninsula. These trade and agricultural conditions as well as the fear of destruction by the surrounding people gave rise to the city that later created the Roman statehood. Another example is the ancient Greek city-states, which had excellent climate for agricultural products, economic strength and a strategic position attributed to the crossroa d between Asia and Europe. Greece prospered in the rural economy, with rising population levels and extensive tracts of new agricultural land being brought into production. This, like in the case of Rome, was the progenitor of the Greek city-states. The first cities in the world, founded on the territory of Mesopotamia which include Uruk, Nippur, Nineveh and Babylon, were created much like the Rome and the Greek city-states. Thus, the driving force of creation of the first city-states is the socio-economic conditions that united a large group of people on a certain territory. Early armies were not used as a tool of aggression, but as tool of defence, such as the early Roman and Greek armies. As more nations and states were created, however, more and more natural resources were divided amongst more and more states. War appeared within the human civilization and it can only be seen as a result of an outgrowth of economic competition in a chaotic and competitive international system. The desire of the population to improve their quality of life could only be satisfied by acquiring new sources of income. Therefore, wars begun as a pursuit of new markets, natural resources and wealth. As certain powerful states expanded their territory, more and more sta

Recycling paper Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recycling paper - Lab Report Example Recycling paper It is estimated that recycling one ton of paper saves up to seventeen trees, seven thousand 26500 liters of water, 1400 liters of oil, 3.3 cubic yards of landfill and 4, 000 kilowatts of energy, and reduce green gas emissions by one ton of carbon equivalent. Paper as is known today was first made 2200 years ago in China by an official of the Chinese dynasty; he was known as Ts’ai Lun at Lei Yang. The paper looks at the three most significant usage and benefits of recycling paper. These include: †¢ Recycling leads to the conservation of natural resources as less tress need to be cut to make new paper, which in effect reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the environment †¢ Recycling also saves energy and water that could have been used during the manufacturing process of paper from virgin trees, below is a research study conducted in the UK, cementing this point †¢ Recycling frees these landfill areas to allow space for other types of trash that cannot be easily recycled. It is also important that such landfills are freed as the cost of land is today at a premium The report therefore seeks to review key developments in paper recycling over the last few decades which saw initiatives aimed at bettering recycling processes, innovations and education play a vital role in increasing recycling rates, the efficacy of certain processes and a surge in more defined corporate social responsibility. The paper looks at the three most significant usage and benefits of recycling paper. These include: Recycling leads to the conservation of natural resources as less tress need to be cut to make new paper, which in effect reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the environment Recycling also saves energy and water that could have been used during the manufacturing process of paper from virgin trees, below is a research study conducted in the UK, cementing this point Recycling frees these landfill areas to allow space for other types of trash that cannot be easily recycled. It is also important that such landfills are freed as the cost of land is toda y at a premium Introduction It is estimated that recycling one ton of paper saves up to seventeen trees, seven thousand 26500 liters of water, 1400 liters of oil, 3.3 cubic yards of landfill and 4, 000 kilowatts of energy, and reduce green gas emissions by one ton of carbon equivalent. Paper as is known today was first made 2200 years ago in China by an official of the Chinese dynasty; he was known as Ts’ai Lun at Lei Yang (Roth and George, 2000).   However, before Egyptians, Greeks and the Romans used Papyrus weed as a writing materials. This first piece of paper that was made by the Chinese official was rudimentary, rough, and very heavy, despite this shortcomings, this piece of craftsmanship was the stepping stone for production of paper that were much light, and very white. The use of paper cannot be taken lightly; it has immense significant contribution to human civilization and the growth of knowledge. In modern times paper finds use in a variety of uses, paper is use d as packaging materials in most industries, used in making tissue for usage in washrooms, used in production of newspapers for dissemination of information to the public. Moreover, papers are also used in the production of billions of textbooks and exercise books for billions of school going children and higher education purposes. The multiple uses of paper in different sectors human live and particularly the need to increase knowledge continually coupled with the benefit of environmental conservation necessitated recycling of papers. A German immigrant who had gained sufficient knowledge in papermaking first did this human desire in the United States in 1690; he made paper from left cotton wool and wood fiber. The processes The process of recycling paper passes through two important steps, the first is the collection stage, and the second most important stage after collection of paper waste is the processing stage. These two stages have various other sub processes, and they will b e discussed in these subsequent paragraphs. Collection This is the first step in the process of paper recycling, this is the most important and needs contribution from the users of paper, in this process bins containing waste paper should be strategically located in such that a way that users easily identify the bin and deposit waste papers in that bin. Figure 1 Bins that