Effects of Eating Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of Eating Disorders - Essay Example This leads to lack of the necessary food elements required for brain development, proper blood circulation, and white blood cells production among others. Anorexia is usually caused by, (a) societal demands, where people in the society uphold some values like being thin or light in weight is good. (b) Fear of developing diseases or conditions associated with overweight like high blood pressure or even development of piles.(Painful growh with sores around the anus). (c) Social aspects like some particular types of games that require one to be of light weight. (d) Genetic associated like where most family members are overweight and one wants to deviate from his/her family condition which is problematic.This may even cause social or societal disorientation, loss of family or cause stress. This is the disorder whereby the victim usually have a lot of appetite and is generally a heavy and frequent eater though at the same time is afraid of gaining weight. The victim ends up using other means of getting rid of the eaten food from the body by forcing vomit or even doing extraneous body exercises. This develops into psycho social disorders like low self esteem, personal self diffidence, and risk of bacteria contamination while purging using dirty fingers. Hunger strike being a very old disorder and/or practice is where the subject person deliberately avoid food, especially solid food. This is practiced for diverse reasons, like political protests and religious practices. Hunger strike practically leads to lack of essential food elements in the body. Some of the elements in the solid food are energy giving food whose deficiency will lead to dizziness, adverse loss of weight and even failure to heal in case of damaged tissues as the body will not have the essential food to repair tissues. Lack of food for a long period leads to a lot of acidity in stomach, which burns the internal tissues

On literature review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On literature review - Assignment Example The paper reviews the literature on the topic of the impacts of internet on information literacy and library skills. The use of the internet has led to increased skills in the use of the library (Probert, 2009). The use of the internet particularly â€Å"Web 2.0† has implications for libraries. Technologies of Web 2.0 which include a synchronized messaging and streaming data, social networks, blogs, tagging, RSS feeds and wikis have changed the way in which libraries provide access to their collections and the support for the library users (Probert, 2009). Internet has been used in learning institutions to check for plagiarism in student papers (Probert, 2009). Plagiarism simply refers to the use of one’s piece of work as your original text. With the invention of the internet many students have found the information especially for their assignment accessible (Probert, 2009). The internet provides relevant information which increases information literacy among the students. However, most students have engaged in dishonest practices. The use of the internet such as the Turnitin has made it possible to check for plagiarism on students papers (Probert, 2009). In conclusion, the use of the internet has led to information literacy and improved library skills. The use of internet has improved the research methods among the students increasing accessibility of relevant information. In order to improve the information literacy, there is need to encourage the use of the

Quantitative Analysis of Workplace Bullying Data

Quantitative Analysis of Workplace Bullying Data Bullying behavior was typically experienced on the playground or within the school systems of school age children, but now this multi-causal phenomenon is being reported by adults in the workplace at an astronomical level. Exploratory research has insinuated that there is not just one clear definition of workplace bullying but a combination of definitions (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). Workplace bullying transpires when an employee encounters a steadfast pattern of ill-treatment from others in the work environment that brings about harm (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). This type of harassment can consist of such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, emotional, physical abuse and public disgrace (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). This form of workplace hostility is, for the most part, difficult to validate because, unlike the classical forms of school bullying, workplace bullies often functio n within the traditional regulations and policies of their organization (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). In examining three peer-reviewed articles (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014), the researchers used several different types of descriptive statistics to measure workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important to describe descriptive statistics data and the different methods used that summarizes the sample and the measures (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). In combination with charts and graphic analysis (Jackson, 2016), descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015) formed the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data which were used by each researcher to describe workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014) as it affects ones physical health (de pression), on how role stressors can influence bullying behavior and the academic levels of the individuals being bullied (Chipps et al., 2013: McTernan et al., 2013; Reknes et al., 2014). First, is to define descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015), illustrate or summarize data in a study, for example, such as patterns of large numbers of data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Descriptive statistics (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015) do not, however, allow one to make conclusions beyond the data that is analyzed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses that might have made (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). They are simply a way to describe ones data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). For example, Chipps et al., (2013) study illustrates the incidence of workplace bullying among preoperative RNs, surgical technologists, and unlicensed preoperative personnel in two academic medical centers (Chipps et al., 2013). The study sought to determine whether the demographic variables of gender, ethnicity, hospital location, years of experience on the unit, years in the profession, and job title predict the experience of workplace bullying (Chipps et al., 2013). In addition, to ascertain whether a relationship exists between workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion (Chipps et al., 2013); and whether bullying is associated with perceptions of patient safety in the operating room (Chipps et al., 2013). The cross-sectional analysis included one hundred and sixty-seven preoperative nurses, surgical technologists, and unlicensed preoperative personnel (Chipps et al., 2013). The IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for Windows (IBM, New York, NY ) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics was calculated for each hospital in two different demographic areas (Chipps et al., 2013). In Table (1), the participants in Hospital A had a response rate of forty percent, and Hospital B had a response rate of twenty-three percent. Table 1. Comparison of Demographic Variables Of the total study sample of professionals, forty-five percent of participants were registered nurses (SD=14.3), fifty-three percent were nonRN surgical technologists (SD=15.9) and two percent (SD=1.2) were another unlicensed personnel who reported to nursing services in Table 2 (Chipps et al., 2013). Table 2. Comparison of Job Title/Profession The sample size in Figure 1, the sample size was seventy-four percent predominately white, twenty percent black and sixty percent identified self in the other category (Chipps et al., 2013). The demographics differences were significant between Hospital A and Hospital B (Chipps et al., 2013). Figure1. Sample size In Table 2 illustrated a frequency of bullying acts in in order of frequency on at least a monthly basis (Chipps et al., 2013), for example, his or her opinions ignored at twenty-eight percent (Chipps et al., 2013); twenty-seven percent reported being shouted at by peers (Chipps et al., 2013).; twenty-six percent reported experiencing information purposely withheld which hindered his or her work performance (Chipps et al., 2013), twenty-five percent humiliated in front of others and twenty-five percent experiencing rumors or gossip spread about him or her (Chipps et al., 2013). Table 1. Frequency of Bullying Acts The next study examined several hypotheses as it relates to role stressors within an individuals work environment and modern day occurrences of self-reported workplace bullying. Reknes et al., (2014) research revealed that role stressors are associated with workplace bullying after conducting a study with twenty Norwegian businesses (Reknes et al., 2014). During 2004 to 2009, a longitudinal study was conducted in the private and public sectors to focus on the characteristics of the work environment (Reknes et al., 2014). It was to ascertain whether role stressors, at baseline, can foretell new incidents of workplace bullying in the near future (Reknes et al., 2014). A sum of two thousand, eight hundred and thirty-five Norwegian employees joined the baseline and follow-up, with an interim of two years within the measurements (Reknes et al., 2014). The average ages of the participants were forty-five years of age, and sixty-four percent were women (Reknes et al., 2014). A sum of one hundred and six participants reported to be bullied in Figure 1, whereas, two thousand and three hundred and eighty-five participated said to not being bullied (Reknes et al., 2014). Figure 1. Respondent to the 1st and the 2nd surveys (N=2,835) Even though drop out analyzes were conducted using independent sample t-test on role conflict (N=245) and role ambiguity (N=158 [(Reknes et al., 2014).], the survey revealed no significant differences in the scores for role conflict for those who only participated in completing the 1st survey (Reknes et al., 2014), compared to those who participated in both measurement points (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). However, those who participated in the 1st and the 2nd surveys (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated a mean of 1.68 (Reknes et al., 2014) for role ambiguity and a mean of 2.47 (Reknes et al., 2014) for role conflict. Three hundred and forty-four (Reknes et al., 2014) self-reports of bullying behavior were missing from the baseline survey (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). In additions, Figure 2 illustrated the following distribution of the respondents in the 1st and 2nd surveys (N=2835 [(Reknes et al., 2014)], in a table format showing an age frequency distribution with five categories of age ranged defined (Reknes et al., 2014). Figure 2. A frequency distribution of Age in table format The respondents in the 1st and the 2nd survey regarding the baseline characteristics of the respondents (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated that individuals within forty to forty-nine of age (33.5%) is more likely to complete the survey than respondents (Reknes et al., 2014), under the age of thirty (5.5%). Whereas, self-reported bullying (Reknes et al., 2014), illustrated that role conflict nearly duplicate the likelihood of becoming a new target of bullying at T2 (odd ratio of 1.92). Consequently, the results showed no significant difference in the scores for role conflict for those who only participated in the first measurement (Reknes et al., 2014), compared to those who participated at both measurement points (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). The research supported the data that role ambiguity and role conflict, individually, added to consequent different reports of workplace bullying. The statistical analysis was administered using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 for Windows ( IBM, New York, NY ). Lastly, McTernan et. al., 2013, conducted a longitudinal survey design over a twelve months’ time frame. This investigation was to examine how job stressors and depression can influence productivity loss (McTernan et. al., 2013). First, to investigate this underlying assumption was to begin with data preparation on how to carry out data analysis (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Data preparation involved acquiring or collecting the data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015); reviewing the data for accuracy (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015); inserting the data into the computer; modifying the data, and generating and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Secondly, is to utilize a codebook that represents each variable in the data and where and how it can be accessed (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). For example, indicating the variable descripti on, organizing the variable format (number and data), identifying the respondent or group, and identifying the variable location (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). Initially, the data was collected in 2009 and repeated in 2010 by an Australia workplace barometer (McTernan et. al., 2013). The data was gathered from two Australian states, Western Australia, and New South Wales (McTernan et. al., 2013). The sample size was increased, in order to weigh the gain in the control versus the time and cost of having more participants or gathering more data (Jackson, 2016; Trochim, Donnelly Arora, 2015). In this review, twenty thousand Austrian homes (McTernan et. al., 2013) phone numbers were called, yet the final sample consisted of one thousand three hundred twenty-six participants from north of South Wales and one thousand four hundred and sixty-four from Western Australia (McTernan et. al., 2013). The experiment consisted of one thousand three hundred and ninety females age d between eighteen and seventy-seven and between eighteen and eighty-five; the total male participants were one thousand three hundred and ninety –six (McTernan et. al., 2013). Time 2 data was composed of participants from Time 1 who agreed to take a follow-up questionnaire at least one year later in 2010 (McTernan et. al., 2013). Of the primary participants at Time 1, there were two thousand and seventy-four (McTernan et. al., 2013) who participated in the survey, whereas, with Time 2 consisted of nine hundred and twenty-seven females between nineteen and seventy-eight and one thousand and one hundred and forty-seven males between nineteen and eighty-two (McTernan et. al., 2013). The measure utilized the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 depression measure for a nine-item scale based on several criteria’s of depressive disorders in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual DSM-IV (McTernan et. al., 2013). Table 1 depicts the individual yearly productively loss cost (McTernan et. al., 2013) estimations as it relates to depression (N=2074). The relationship was significant as it related to the unstandardized parameters (McTernan et. al., 2013) by comparing the annual sickness absence (hours) with productivity loss using descriptive statistics (McTernan et. al., 2013). The annual sickness absence illustrated 138.4 hours loss (SD=48.24) due to the severity level of the workers’ depression (McTernan et. al., 2013), as compared to, 28% productivity loss (SD=3.5). Table 2 illustrated the estimated odd ratios for job strain and workplace bullying on depression as well as the odd ratios and population attributable risk for job strain, bullying and job strain without bullying (McTernan et. al., 2013). The researchers used the population attributable risk as a method to estimate the proportion of a disease burden that could theoretically be eliminated by the removal of a causal factor (McTernan et. al., 2013). The findings confirmed that the underlying assumption of the link between job stressors and productively loss via depression (McTernan et. al., 2013). The prevalence of exposure to job strain was 22.5% (McTernan et. al., 2013) compared to bullying exposure 5.9% (McTernan et. al., 2013). The population attributable failed to yield any significant difference when job strain and bullying was used independently, yet, when combined, the results showed the annual depression cost which contributed to productivity loss (McTernan et. al., 2013). Table 2. Population Attributable Risk References Chipps, E., Stelmaschuk, S., Albert, N., Bernhard, L., Holloman, C. (2014). Workplace bullying in the OR: Results of a descriptive study, AORN Journal, 98(5):479-493. IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. New York, NY: IBM Corp. Jackson, S. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. (5th ed.) United States of American: Boston, MA. McTerman, W., Dollard, M., LaMontagne, A. (2013). Depression in the workplace: An economic cost analysis of depression-related productivity loss attributable to job strain and bullying, Work Stress, 27(4):321-338. Reknes, I., Einarsen, S., Knardahl, S., Lau, B. (2014). The prospective relationship between role stressors and new cases of self-reported workplace bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55:45-52. Trochim, T., Donnelly, J., Arora, A. (2015). Research methods: The essential knowledge base. United States of America: Boston, MA.

German Management System :: essays research papers

German management, as it has evolved over the centuries and has established itself since World War II, has a distinct style and culture. Like so many things German, it goes back to the medieval guild and merchant tradition, but it also has a sense of the future and of the long term. The German style of competition is rigorous but not ruinous. Although companies might compete for the same general market, as Daimler-Benz and BMW do, they generally seek market share rather than market domination. Many compete for a specific niche. German companies despise price competition. Instead, they engage in what German managers describe as Leistungswettbewerb, competition on the basis of excellence in their products and services. They compete on a price basis only when it is necessary, as in the sale of bulk materials like chemicals or steel. The German manager concentrates intensely on two objectives: product quality and product service. He wants his company to be the best, and he wants it to have the best products. The manager and his entire team are strongly product oriented, confident that a good product will sell itself. But the manager also places a high premium on customer satisfaction, and Germans are ready to style a product to suit a customer's wishes. The watchwords for most German managers and companies are quality, responsiveness, dedication, and follow-up. Product orientation usually also means production orientation. Most German managers, even at senior levels, know their production lines. They follow production methods closely and know their shop floors intimately. They cannot understand managers in the United States who want only to see financial statements and "the bottom line" rather than inspect a plant's production processes. A German manager believes deeply that a good-quality production line and a good-quality product will do more for the bottom line than anything else. Relations between German managers and workers are often close, because they believe that they are working together to create a good product. If there is a third objective beyond quality and service, it is cooperation--or at least coordination--with government. German industry works closely with government. German management is sensitive to government standards, government policies, and government regulations. Virtually all German products are subject to norms--the German Industrial Norms (Deutsche Industrie Normen--DIN)--established through consultation between industry and government but with strong inputs from the management associations, chambers of commerce, and trade unions. As a result of these practices, the concept of private initiative operating within a public framework lies firmly imbedded in the consciousness of German managers.

Comparing America’s Economy in the 1920s and the Current Economic Situation Essay

Few periods in America have influenced the current government structure, size, and economy rather than the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† and the â€Å"Great Depression†. At the beginning of the 1920s, the United States was converting from wartime to peace time economy at the time weapons for World War I were no longer useful. In this decade, America became the richest nation in the world and a culture of consumerism was born. People spent money for better roads, tourism, and holiday resorts. Real estates booms sent land prices soaring (DeLong, 1997). Looking at technology, it played a vital role in delivering the economic and cultural good times that most of America enjoyed during the 1920s. The automobile’s popularity, construction of roads and highways, poured fresh public funds into the economy. This resulted to tremendous economic prosperity. Technology enhanced communication with the first public station being established, KDKA, the year 1922 introduced the first movie made with sound- The Jazz singer. It is in this time that the United States became a modern middle-class economy of radios, consumer appliances, automobiles and suburbs. Mass production had made the United States the richest society the world had ever seen (DeLong, 1997). The economy today seems to negate the glory it received in the 1920s. According to Leonhardt (2010), it produced $ 15 trillion worth of goods and services in 2008 in estimates, making it the largest in the world. The US economy however has shown a downward trend since in 2007, it began to slow significantly mainly because of a real-estate slump and other financial problems that has led the economy into a recession. The recession continued up to early 2009, making it the longest one in decades. August 2009 came with some hope with the Federal Reserve Bank’s policy-making committee saying that they believed the recession was ending. The bank cautioned that the recovery would be slow and there was a possibility that unemployment was to remain high for another year. The year 2010 is seen as the year of severe economic contraction. According to Whitney (2010), reports in the financial media believe that the effects of ongoing credit contraction and the massive injection of the central bank liquidity have prevented the collapse of financial markets. A lot is still to be done in order to leverage households and stimulate the general economic activity. The financial crisis has stripped the economy $ 13 trillion in equity and Americans have grown gloomier about the economy and the nation’s direction over the past few months, although it shows signs of moving to recovery. The country is persistent with high unemployment with ordinary working people continuing to fight to keep their jobs and maintain their standard of living. This is a contrast on what was happening in the 1920s. US had transformed in less than a decade to become the richest Nation in the world. High pay of $5 a day showed the low unemployment rate that existed. Industries were booming with high profits and numerous companies opened their doors to start operations. The US might be the world’s leading economy, but the current unemployment rates, the number of businesses closing their doors as a result of inability to pay their debts and the constraints the government face in order to fully fund the budget requirements are overwhelming. The government, the Fed and the whole economy need to work towards alleviating bottlenecks that cause the economy harm. They need to uphold policies that will see to it that economy does not run to the stagflation condition of the 1970s.

How firmly was the Tsar in control of Russia before 1905? Essay

Russia was an Autocracy before 1905 and the Tsar was Nicholas 2nd. Many people dispute over whether he was in control or not, the main factors being: The Tsar’s leadership, Opposition to the Tsar, Social and Economic conditions and finally means of control. It can be argued that some factors are more important than others, but they are all significant in how I believe the Tsar was losing control. The Tsar’s flaws as a leader were an extremely important reason as to why he was losing control of his country. Russia was an autocracy- this meant that the Tsar had full control of the country and had the final say in every decision. This could have been positive, but I think it was a negative thing. He was not a very decisive person, and he would not delegate to others (An example of this being, how he interfered in the appointments of local midwives.) While he was busy doing the wrong jobs he needed employees that were capable of the best. Another flaw of Nicholas’ was that he was extremely suspicious of those cleverer than him and fired many of his best workers (Count Witte) and preferred to hire only family and friends. This helped to weaken his control on Russia because not only did he lose respect from his people, but also he was not doing his job and as the only ruler of the country, Russia did not have a focused authority figure. The Tsar had a lot of opponents within Russia and he did not deal with them to the best of his abilities. This meant he was not firmly in control of Russia at all. The 4 main opposing groups were: The Liberals (Cadets), The Social Revolutionaries (SRs) and The Social Democratic Party (Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks) Although the different groups were all angry at different things, the one thing they had in common was that they were all unhappy about Russia’s Social and Economic Situation. In my opinion the Bolsheviks were the most dangerous group towards Tsar and the government, followed by the SRs then the Mensheviks finally the Liberals. Even though the Liberals had the most supporters, they were a peaceful group; they were not doing any damage to Russia. The Tsar did not believe they were a threat so chose to ignore them. However with the Bolsheviks they had a huge following (the working class.) Their approach to change was violence as was the SRs. The SRs managed to get close enough to the government to kill 2 of their officials. The Tsar dealt with the Bolsheviks and the SRs by killing them or exiling them. By exiling them he showed a lot of inexperience with how he dealt with these groups .All he did was send them away; this did not stop them from coming back! Siberia is in the east of the country (the opposite side as to where the Tsar was), but it is also a desert. This meant that the people the Tsar exiled became resentful towards him, as they had to live in a desert. An advantage to being exiled was that it was in the middle of nowhere. The organisations could discuss ideas and produce plans of future rebellions without the Tsar knowing what was going on. By not knowing this he lost an element of control because he did not know what his most violent organisations were doing. Every group in the Feudal system (except the aristocrats) had an organisation to rival the Tsar. This was bad because that meant at the very least only 1.5% of the population (aristocrats) were in full support of him. By not having the full support of his people the Tsar lost a lot of control because as a leader your people need to respect you but also have faith that you will do the right thing for the country in general (not just a specific group.) The monarchy was mostly made up of aristocrats, so was the government and army officials. By having only aristocrats in important positions the Tsar was not being fair, the 80% of the population that were peasants had a lot of reasons to despise the Tsar. This further allowed his control on Russia to loosen, it lost him support of people and the public started to realise that the Tsar was not the leader they needed to help them receive a better way of living. They needed someone that was not desperate for the power and someone who could hold control. Finally the fact the organizations even existed meant that he had lost some control already. If people respected him they would no t have started oppositions and formed plans. The groups all had plans. Whether they would work or not was a different issue. His weak leadership meant that he would not let anyone help him, he had resorted to last attempts by exiling people and had become desperate this shows how out of control he was and he knew it, because no one helped him he did not have a well thought out plan as to how to deal with the groups. The social and economic conditions in Russia would have made it hard for any leader to keep control, never mind the Tsar (a poor leader who had a lot of opposition.) 80% of Russia were peasants where as the aristocracy who owned 25% of the land and were only 1.5% of the population. This suggests that the gap between the rich and the poor was extreme. As the number of peasants moving to the city increased, more and more people started to realise how big this gap truly was and did not like it. Having to walk past lavish mansions on their way home, to rooms they probably shared with at least 1 other family created tension between the two social groups. The rich were getting richer and the poor poorer and nobody could move up the system. To make matters worse Russia spans 12 time zones and 60% of the population did not speak Russian. The Tsar lived in the far west so if a problem occurred in the east he would not be able to deal with it for days which meant his control of the situation decreased. If only 40% of you population speaks the national language it makes it harder for internal communication. The laws in Russia may have been harder to understand and those who did not speak the Tsar’s language would not have been as easy to control. The Tsar did not have as much domination as he thought he did because he could not control what was happening with some of the people and circumstances in the other end of his country. The Tsar used a lot of resources to try and keep his people under control, but to me it became apparent that the more resources he used the more the people refused to submit to his rules. One of his many means of control was the religious persecution of the Jews. All throughout history dictators have used specific groups of people (mostly the Jews) as scapegoats. Trying to pass the blame of the country onto someone else showed that the Tsar feared he would lose all of his control over the people if they thought it was his entire fault. Other means of control the Tsar used were: Secret police, regular police, prisons, and the army. In Leo Tolstoy’s letter to the Tsar in 1902 he says, â€Å"The numbers of regular police and of the secret police are continually growing.† This shows that the Tsar had started these policies but they were not working. People refused to be led by a man that was not objective to all groups in society and did not have the leadership required to be a successful Tsar. Overall I think that in the long-term it weakens his control but in the short term in strengthens his control. Showing the force he has the power to use might scare some of the population into behaving (but not for very long, I think they will see right through him.) However, having to rely on force (only at the point of a gun) shows his concern of the control he has over his country. The fact that the severity of the situation ended in armed forces patrolling the people, carrying live ammunition also shows his concern and ever shrinking clasp of control. After reviewing all of the evidence I believe that the Tsar was not in control of Russia before 1905. The Tsar’s poor qualities as a leader lost him respect from the people, as did the organizations opposing him. His desperation showed a lot in the decisions he made. If you are in control you are not desperate, you believe in the decisions you make, and the Tsar did not. Almost all of his forms of control failed in the long-term. The opposing groups managed to create plans and had a substantial number of followers. The social and economic situation made it ever harder to control Russia and his flaws isolated him from help and minimized the 1.5% of people that believed in him. The strongest evidence in my opinion is the opposition to the Tsar. All of the other facts contributed to the main point that he had opposition. If a leader has friction between him and his people he will always struggle to have control but the Tsar just had to many recurring problems to have control.

Recreational Hunting and Fishing †A Great Time with Family

Recreational Hunting and Fishing – A Great Time with Family Free Online Research Papers Ever since I was younger I have really enjoyed a nice morning hunt or fish, it has always been something I look up to doing. Hunting and fishing are great ways to relive stress and relax after a long day. They are big recreational sports these days fathers and there children get the shot guns or fishing poles and hit the water or the woods just as we have since we were younger. Different than 20 years ago now we have peta groups and animal rights groups trying to take away a completely humane sport. Hunting and fishing is viewed by many as inhumane and disgusting. These people say this because they don’t think it is right for humans to go and hunt and fish innocent animals. Hunting and fishing for your food is a way of saving money and eating the animals you hunt or fish witch I consider sport. But if you kill an animal and don’t have it mounted or eat it I would not consider it a sport because the meat has gone to waist. Another thing that the anti hunting groups bring up is animal rights. Yes I will admit if you shoot an animal and then let it run and don’t recover it or catch a fish tear its gill and through it back that is cruel but that is the down side you have to take hunting or fishing. Animals have rights but going out and hunting to eat the meat is normal just like an animal with dominance will go and hunt a smaller animal to fill the stomach it is part of life. These groups say we are really destroying the population of the animals that we hunt or fish. We may be endangering the species a very little bit. But the department of natural resources has bag limits on species to regulate how much of each species is being killed. If there isn’t hunting these species will become over populated and then that is how diseases spread that can wipe out a whole species. With hunting we regulate the population which will keep these animals in better living. Why do we have CWD in deer because they are over populated and that’s how this all begins that is the best example on why hunting is humane. Hunting and fishing are very good ways of spending time with family and will help you take your mind of the stressful things in life. You also get to get a lot of free meat and it is inexpensive. A real sportsman will eat and butcher every thing they kill so nothing will go to waist. There is not any thing wrong with hunting it is a very fun an entertaining way to spend your free time peacefully. Research Papers on Recreational Hunting and Fishing - A Great Time with FamilyGenetic EngineeringCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaLifes What Ifs

Female Genital Mutilation essays

Female Genital Mutilation essays Around the world at least one women in three has been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in their lifetime. (Population Report 1) Physical, sexual, psychological and economic abuse are what would be included in a description of violence against women and girls. These four different types of abuse are established most frequently as gender-based for the unique reason that they enhance the inferiority of women as compared to men. (Population 1) Violence that is gender based is seen as a huge health concern and infringes upon a womans rights as a human being. All over the entire world countless women and girls experience violence through a fixed practice known as Female Genital Mutilation, which involves the cutting of the female genitals. This practice of Female Genital Mutilation usually takes place, during infancy, childhood or adolesence and can have permanent effects on the girls physical or cognitive well being. Many women who may be traumatized by their circumsion experiences, worried about a physical complication or fearful of sex have no acceptable means of expressing their feelings and suffer in silence when the pressure reaches a certain level their condition can progress to psychological levels (Taubia 19). Female Genital Mutilation is indecent, and pointless; female circumsion takes away from the integrity of women , and the right they have to their own bodies. Female Genital Mutilation has traditionally been called female circumcision, by identifying its harmful consequences the term circumcision is a much gentler form, that does not categorize between the process used for that of male circumcision. Female Genital Mutilation is the common practice that includes the cutting and removal of sexual organs. The severity of female genital mutilation varies in different cultures, it involves the removal of part or all of the genital organs clitoris a...

Spontaneous Process Definition and Examples

Spontaneous Process Definition and Examples In a system, whether it be in chemistry, biology, or physics there are spontaneous processes and nonspontaneous processes. Spontaneous Process Definition A spontaneous process is one that will occur without any energy input from the surroundings. It is a process that will occur on its own. For example, a ball will roll down an incline, water will flow downhill, ice will melt into water, radioisotopes will decay, and iron will rust. No intervention is required because these processes are thermodynamically favorable. In other words, the initial energy is higher than the final energy. Note how quickly a process occurs has no bearing on whether or not it is spontaneous. It may take a long time for rust to become obvious, yet when iron is exposed to air, the process will occur. A radioactive isotope may decay instantly or after thousands or millions or even billions of years. Spontaneous Versus Nonspontaneous Energy must be added in order for a nonspontaneous process to occur. The reverse of a spontaneous process is a nonspontaneous process. For example, rust doesnt convert back into iron on its own. A daughter isotope wont return to its parent state. Free Energy and Spontaneity The change in Gibbs free energy for a process may be used to determine its spontaneity. At constant temperature and pressure, the equation is: ΔG ΔH - TΔS Where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and ΔS is the change in entropy. If ΔG is negative, the process is spontaneous.If ΔG is positive, the process is nonspontaneous (but would be spontaneous in the reverse direction).If ΔG is 0 then the process is at equilibrium and no net change is occurring over time.

Cultural Diversity in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Cultural Diversity in the U.S - Essay Example Even though Brazilian and Mexican citizens have similarly been insecure and subject to social injustice by the abusive civil authorities, police enforcers as well as corrupt politicians, Mexicans still afford, by articles 6 and 7 of their constitution, to obtain the proper implementation of the provision that grants each citizen the freedom of speech or of any other forms of self-expression which the Brazilians are mostly anxious to put into practice having been confronted with constant risk of harassment and killings in the process (MIEPA). When reviewed, Brazil’s state has had difficulty in stabilizing institutions to accord with the established policy as in the time when there occurred imbalance due to economic factors associated with inflation and unresolved issues on human rights violation alongside. On the other hand, Fox administration had managed to align economic policies of the government with the desired institutional stability. On a greater scale, however, on reforming certain policies by a government which comprised officials who are inadequately knowledgeable of handling the tasks to maintain a stable Mexican economy, there ought to be alternative means of exhibiting political effectiveness to expedite economic growth and thus affect other sectors in a favorable manner. It may additionally be pointed out that when it comes to providing reinforcement of environmental protection laws, neither Brazilian nor Mexican government agency has been found blameless of inefficient employment of appropriate measures. IBAMA of Brazil, for instance, has relied upon tools and resources that are rather scarce or have limited capacity to aid in analyzing corporate plans in relation to environmental impact. In the same way, while the Mexican government has identified specific means to regulate the worsening case of air pollution in the country,

Academic and Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic and Professional Development - Essay Example A scholar-practitioner is a person that is actively involved in various types of research practices aimed at enhancing the success of the profession. It is important to realise that evidence-based research and good theory are both essential ingredients for great and effective leadership. Scholar-practitioners that often excel in their research activities often end up becoming great and inspiring leaders for companies that they work for; they are great people managers with profound knowledge and skills that enhances the success of their work. According to Cavalieri & Mark (2013) academic theory has the potential to get out of touch if it is not refined and tested by those realities of contemporary daily practice. If the ideas of the scholar do not have the capability to hold up complexities that lead in the present global economy, then their value beyond the academic journal is very low or unavailable. In this regard, scholar practitioners have to ensure that they understand and implement some of the lasting values that guide academic integrity, some of which have been outlined by Walden (Cavalieri & Mark 2013). Wladen’s values have had a profound effect on the learning community in that they enable learners to know how to develop better content that can be used in clinical and other disciplines, having been developed with due regard to academic integrity. Using the knowledge I have gathered from Walden’s values regarding professional and scholarly writing, I look forward to improving my writing skills, which will involve acknowledging other peoples academic works that I will use in my research and writing processes. Going into the future, I have learnt how to improve in my research and writing, things that were seemingly challenging in the past. Being at Walden has been an important undertaking that has heavily impacted on my academic and professional development. As far as communication is concerned, I realise that for

The Importance of Marketing for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Marketing for Business - Essay Example But Nike’s marketing success has more to it than just promotional hype. Nike gives its customers far more than just good sports gear. They make sure the customer doesn’t just wear his Nikes, he experiences it. Nike doesn’t just market sports shoes or athletic wear; it markets a way of life (Kotler). The Nike examples proves that through smart and innovative marketing businesses can create value for customers, build strong customer relationships and capture value from them in return. The importance of marketing to businesses: Helps businesses create value for customers: Marketing helps a business in creating value for its customers. Most companies today implement customer driven marketing strategies which allow them to create value for target customers. The process can be better understood through the following diagram: 1 Companies today identify and select marketing segments, develop products and marketing programs targeted to each and focus on the buyers who hav e more interest in the values that they create the best. They then decide on a value proposition by differentiating the market offering and positioning it in the minds of the target customers. Helps businesses create lasting relationships: The customer relationship management part of marketing is about maintaining and building profitable business relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Just as companies are being very choosy about which customers to serve, they are serving the chosen customers in a more lasting way. Marketing today has become an art of finding, retaining and multiplying profitable customers Relating Directly: Apart from helping companies connect more deeply with their customers, marketing also helps companies connect to customers more directly. It helps customers buy virtually everything without going to a store through telephone, online, mail order catalogs etc. In fact, such has been the success of direct marketing that some companies such as Dell only use the direct channel to sell their products (Kotler). Social CRM: Marketing also helps businesses build strong, lasting and profitable relationships with customers through social media. The benefits that businesses achieve by effective use of social media are: 1. By effective use of social media companies can quickly build a network of core customers and supporters (Richardson). The feedback that loyal customers can provide is extremely valuable to businesses and can sometimes lead to major improvements in how a business offers a product or a service. Networks of loyal followers such as these can also help the company find new customers by referring the company’s product or service to others if they are pleased with what they have found. 2. Social media also helps a company attract more traffic to its website. The more traffic the company’s website continually obtains, the higher its ranking grows amongst the search engines (Richardson). High ranki ng with the search engines, in turn, helps the company attain better online exposure and visibility. More traffic to the company’s website also helps the company spread information about new products and services quicker 3. Apart from attracting useful feedback social

Case Brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Brief - Essay Example The TSA’s grooming policy required that he shaves off his deadlocks, as a means of conforming to this policy. This was against the appellant’s religion which made him resist. As a consequent, he was dismissed for apparent violation of the department’s grooming policy. This action prompted him to sue the department for employment discrimination based on religion and brought the case under the RFRA. The main point of concern was whether the RFRA applied. The district court then placing the claim under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, stated that it was a violation of this Act, which prohibits employment discrimination based various aspects (Holloway). As a requirement, however, the employee was supposed to have at first exhausted all the administrative avenues as appertains to Title VII before seeking remedy in a new court and hence lacked the subject matter jurisdiction. The court’s decision to affirm the position of the district court was based on the civil rights act in actions against federal law, which specifies that the plaintiff’s timely exhaustion of the administrative avenues in Title VII. They have no influence on the district court from exercising its mandate. Furthermore, in title VII cases, courts have been granted permission in certain limited situations to proportionally toll filing needs, even under extreme cases like inability to file. Which as a necessity, makes it impossible to characterize such needs as â€Å"jurisdictional.† Moreover, the RFRA applies to all aspects of law whether statutory or otherwise taken up before and after the passage of RFRA. However, there are areas that are not affected by the RFRA among, which includes Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which specifies that nothing alters Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on religious-based employment descrimination (McCulloch and Ca stagnera). The court assents

Christian and islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian and islam - Research Paper Example It is possible for members of a particular religion to identify and define themselves against other people who are not in that religion. The dilemma arising in this case is how outsider may be connected to the salvation offered by that particular religion. Does the religion’s purview of salvation include or exclude people outside that religion? Different authors and scholars may suggest different answers to this question. In an attempt to seek both individual and collective salvation, different religious arguments arise to explain differences between one religion and another. Inclusivist, exclusivist and universal pluralism are common positions explaining difference between Christianity and Islam. From an inclusivist perspective, both Christianity and Islam have teachings and beliefs that are true. Though Christians believes that their faith is true, inclusivists believe that other religions are partially true. As an absolute religion, Christianity does recognize that other religions can provide salvation. It only tells of the unique word of God, incarnate in Death of Jesus on the cross and provide a social context for salvation. It teaches that to accomplish salvation God assesses people behaviors on earth. God applies results of the death of Jesus and resurrection to everyone regardless of the religion. Therefore, God makes it possible for anyone to earn salvation including people from other religions. This opinion is not accepted by everyone especially the conservative and evangelical Christians who believe that religious inclusivism contradicts the teachings of the bible. These critics find support from Acts 4:12 that emphasizes on the point that salvation is for no one else other than Christians. Is there any form of inclusivism in Islam? According to Hick (2005), the concept of people of the book has some elements of

Credit and Lending Decisions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Credit and Lending Decisions - Research Paper Example The company has been operating for over 20 years and to date has produced over 5.5 million ounces of gold while actively increasing its portfolio in order to remain viable. According to Gordon (2011) Resolute Mining Limited is Australia’s second largest gold producer. The company is now into mining for diamonds at its Breccia Project in Australia. The companies main controlled subsidiaries during the year is shown in Table 4 in the Appendix. Resolute Mining Limited (RSG) has been listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) since 1979. The company has been through numerous name changes. Resolute Mining Ltd was registered as Samantha Exploration NL (SAM) in 1979 and soon changed its name to Samantha Gold NL (SAM) on January 18, 1990 and then to Resolute Samantha Ltd (RSG) on July 21, 1995. The name was again changed to Resolute Ltd (RSG) on November 29, 1996 and finally to Resolute Mining Ltd (RSG) in 2001, following a reorganisation of its capital structure (Delisted.com). Resolute emerged as a gold producer in the late 1980’s. During the period of the 1990’s the company diversified into the laterite nickel industry in Western Australia. This decision proved very costly and therefore had a negative impact on key shareholder investment ratios. The company commissioned its Obotan operations in Ghana (in which it had a 90% interest) in May 1997. The construction of the mine in Tanzania started in that same year and was completed 12 months later (Annual Report 2001). In the financial year ended June 30, 2000, Resolute was readmitted to the FT Gold Index as its production of 376,196 ounces of gold was in excess of the 300,000 ounces required. In that year the company had two (2) mines – the Golden Pride Mine in Tanzania (East Africa) and Obotan in Ghana (West Africa). At the end of the financial year June 30, 2000 the company’s debts stood at A$74mn (Annual Report 2000). At the

Christian and islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian and islam - Research Paper Example It is possible for members of a particular religion to identify and define themselves against other people who are not in that religion. The dilemma arising in this case is how outsider may be connected to the salvation offered by that particular religion. Does the religion’s purview of salvation include or exclude people outside that religion? Different authors and scholars may suggest different answers to this question. In an attempt to seek both individual and collective salvation, different religious arguments arise to explain differences between one religion and another. Inclusivist, exclusivist and universal pluralism are common positions explaining difference between Christianity and Islam. From an inclusivist perspective, both Christianity and Islam have teachings and beliefs that are true. Though Christians believes that their faith is true, inclusivists believe that other religions are partially true. As an absolute religion, Christianity does recognize that other religions can provide salvation. It only tells of the unique word of God, incarnate in Death of Jesus on the cross and provide a social context for salvation. It teaches that to accomplish salvation God assesses people behaviors on earth. God applies results of the death of Jesus and resurrection to everyone regardless of the religion. Therefore, God makes it possible for anyone to earn salvation including people from other religions. This opinion is not accepted by everyone especially the conservative and evangelical Christians who believe that religious inclusivism contradicts the teachings of the bible. These critics find support from Acts 4:12 that emphasizes on the point that salvation is for no one else other than Christians. Is there any form of inclusivism in Islam? According to Hick (2005), the concept of people of the book has some elements of

Scholarship Essay Essay Example for Free

Scholarship Essay Essay I am always optimistic even as a high school senior that one day it can be done. It is going to defnitely take some time before our current leaders realize the need to embrace change and stop worthless politics of hunger for power and money. The community and the world around us have become hostile even to innocent human beings. People are increasingly becoming selfish and full of greed with the mind of amassing wealth in banks as they oppress the poor. I wish I had the power to act immediately and stop these scandalous behaviors which have become fatal. However, if I had the power to change the community and the world, I would target three things: poverty pattern, disease burden and leadership. First of all, as countries such the United States continues to experience some fast economic growth despite the difficulties at the same time, the gap between the poor and the rich continues to widen. There is poor income distribution among different classes of people. It is not surprising around the world to find some class of individuals who are 8.5 times richer than another class. Just because the records of poverty rate continue to increase every year, it does not mean a country should be considered a poor state. If income was evenly distributed, the communities around the world would be living in happiness. Poverty increases crime, diseases and mortality rates. All this have made some poor countries such as India, Turkey and places in Africa experience poor living standards. If I had the power to change the world, I would heavily tax the rich and use the revenues to feed, educate and provide healthcare to the poor to the entire world. Diseases continue to be a burden especially to the poor. Even the world scientists, policy makers and giant pharmaceutical companies have become overly influenced by worthless politics which benefit the rich. Today, most medicines developed target rich individuals who can afford to buy them. Since the poor have no money to afford even essential medicines, drug researchers have become biased in their effort to discover new medicines for the poor. The leading cause of deaths in some extremely poor places according to the World Health Organization is diarrhea which is as a result of having poor access to clean water. Malaria has also been blamed to cause deaths in countries such as Kenya, Thailand and Bangladesh. If I had the power to change things, I would command researchers, policy makers and governments to support R D for drugs which can treat these diseases of the poor. Finally, leadership is critical for economic growth of any country. Places like Turkey has always experienced challenges with its unstable currency, highly corrupt leaders and issues with human rights. This is because of poor leadership which has no point of figuring out on how to distribute wealth equally among all regions. Some areas are extremely poor and corrupt compared to other areas and the leaders still don’t seem to see any problem with such a state. Good leadership is to unite all people and share the resources in an equitable manner. If I had the power to change things, I would remove all corrupt leaders in power and prosecute them. As a motivation to honest leaders, I would reward them by publically awarding them with to higher ranks. This can reduce the problem of poor leadership.

IDE for Satellite ODL

IDE for Satellite ODL An Integrated Development Environment for Satellite Operations Definition Language Rachana M C Sajiv Kumar Abstract— The satellite system has to be maintained in proper operations conditions for optimal throughput and satisfying the mission requirements. This is achievable by monitoring the satellite health parameters, analyse the behavioural characteristics and control the parameters accordingly based on the behavioural patterns. The subsystem experts define the behavioural pattern in a domain specific language for this purpose. An integrated environment is required to aid the experts from various engineering and science disciplines to properly define the monitoring, analysis and control rules. This paper proposes a method to develop an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which facilitates the definition of monitoring, analysis, control and reporting logics using the Satellite Operations Definition Language, required for the satellite operations. Keywords— DSL (Domain Specific Language), MAC (Monitoring Analysis and Control), IDE (Integrated Development Environment). I. INTODUCTION The health of the satellite has to be maintained to utilize the spacecraft for its intended purposes effectively. This involves monitoring, analysis, control and reporting of health parameters. Health parameters are analogue and status values of different subsystem parameters telemetered from satellite to ground stations at regular intervals. The task of monitoring and analysis this parameters is quite complex with the increasing number of space-crafts to be maintained. The satellite control system is basically designed to monitor the various health parameters and initiate corrective actions whenever and wherever required. Satellite health monitoring analysis and control operations involves receiving health data, process it, analyse and perform appropriate controlling operations as required as well as to present them in appropriate format. Since these MAC (Monitoring Analysis and Control) operations rely on various domains specific tools and incongruence may lead to error. Space Operations Definition Language is a domain specific language developed in ISRO for defining the logics for satellite health monitoring, analysis and reporting. A common language brings about congruence in definition of monitoring and analysis logics for the multiple satellite systems. The data received from the spacecraft’s will have parameters to be given to various sub-systems and this data is called Telemetry data. The MAC operations is done using the Space Operations Definition Language that is implemented and developed in ISRO and to automate these MAC operations we use the language specified by the experts. We use the language defined by the experts because the experts define the various logics used for monitoring the satellites. For example, in thermal systems there exists various properties like states property or dynamic trend behaviour but the experts maybe interested in the slope variations that occur and these variations depends on if the temperature is increasing or decreasing with the slope. The state behaviour can be enabled means on or disabled means off and these properties can be dynamic or continuous. The nature of the system can be of many types like discrete, analogue and hybrid. The lexical analyser takes the tuning parameters and passes them to the parser where the syntax analysis and semantic analysis is done i.e. the language specification is done in syntax analysis. This approach helps in refining the addressing of the requirements of spacecraft subsystem operations, by properly converging the expert’s views in a single language platform. An Integrated Development Environment is required to facilitate the health of the system that can be represented in a customized IDE. II. THE PROBLEM DOMAIN The health of a series of satellites is monitored and controlled by the experts with help of software. They receive telemetry data from each spacecraft. The telemetry data is processed, analysed and presented .For every day-to-day operation, nominal operations of the satellites are pre-planned and a schedule is defined well in advance by specialists. It may occasionally happen that during the operation of the pre-planned schedule, the spacecraft may exhibit some unexpected behaviour. Subsystem and Mission experts has to define logics in a domain specific language to address these scenarios. An IDE for this domain specific satellite operations language, in which the logics for automating the satellite health monitoring and control can be defined, is attempted here. We use the concept of recursive descent parser (top-down approach) in order to create a context aware environment that allows usage of more general grammars and also has advantages like easy debugging, ability of parsing to any non-terminal in the grammar specified. We require to implement a LL(1) parser which gives the ability of syntactic and semantic look ahead that helps to resolve the shift-shift conflict. We need not have to worry about conflicts like shift-reduce and reduce-reduce as they are not issues for the top-down parsers. The parser should offer the ability of creating lexical states and lexical actions so as to enable the IDE context aware while defining domain specific monitoring logics for the satellite operations. III. AREAS ADDRESSED IN THIS WORK This work envisages developing a solid infrastructure which provides an integrated environment for defining the health monitoring and controlling logics for satellites. This integrated development environment (IDE) assembles multiple disparate tools into a single coherent system. The following sub-modules have to be developed in this process. A) Basic IDE Infrastructure: This involves development of the base IDE infrastructure with sufficient features for supporting the domain specific language, essentially a fully fledge editor to extract the language features to possible extent. The Net Beans Platform which is a solid infrastructure for creating custom software development tools is utilized for this purpose. However, more than as an individual software development tool, the infrastructure is enhanced as a tailored integrated development environment (IDE) for our domain specific language by assembling multiple disparate tools into a single coherent system. B) Lexical Analyser (Tokenizer module) for the DSL: The concept of Lexical analysis or tokenization is the process of breaking a character stream into individual units called â€Å"tokens.† Lexical analyser helps in converting a stream of input characters into a stream of tokens. Once the token is received the lexical analyser will look up for the tokens specified to check the existence of the respective token. If the token does not exist then it proceeds to fetch the next token. If not then that particular token along with the token value is written into the Lexer and passes it on to the parser. The concept of recursive descent parser is used to create a better context aware environment. We use the concept of recursive descent parser (top-down approach) in order to create a context aware environment that allows usage more of general grammars and also has advantages like easy debugging, ability of parsing to any non-terminal in the grammar specified. Constructing the tokenizer using JavaCC compiler constructor and integrate the resultant module with base IDE infrastructure. Fig. 1 IDE Infrastructure C) Syntax Analyser with associated Syntax highlighter. It helps in determining whether a string or a sequence of tokens can be generated by a grammar. The lexical analyser can identify tokens with the help of grammar rules but it cannot check the syntax of a given parameters. The components are Non-terminals and terminals where Non-terminals help in processing the grammar further and terminals helps in terminating the process. This particular analysis produces a parse tree as an output. The main task of the parser is to accept an input and check and confirm the input given with the specified grammar. The issue of matching the input with the grammar results in backtracking and making a new search each and every time which consumes lot of time. Therefore, most of the parsers do not use the concept of backtracking. Parsers that are generated by Java Compiler Compiler use the concepts of terminals and non-terminals so no backtracking is required. The task of finding the tokens further in the input stream is called as looking ahead into the input stream. We can assign values to the look ahead which helps to look ahead the number of tokens in the input given. Suppose the look ahead is 1that means it looks ahead 1 token in the input stream. Implementation of the syntax analyser from the DSL language specification and generate modules to integrate with base IDE infrastructure. D) Semantic analysis: The Syntax analyser receives input in form of tokens from lexical analyser where the lexical analysers are responsible for the checking of a token given by the syntax analyser but Syntax analyser cannot determine if a token is valid, it cannot determine if an operation performed on a token type is valid or not. The semantic analysis uses the help of token manager generated by the compiler. In JavaCC we need to specify certain lexical specification that needs to be organized into a set of states. Each state is given a name to be identified and the standard state is called default. Whenever the token manager is initialized, it always starts from the Default state. Every state contains a list of different regular expressions. The four kinds of them are SKIP, TOKEN, MORE and SPECIAL_TOKEN. The accepted token is matched as follows- all the specified regular expressions in the present lexical state is considered and the token manager accepts the total number of specified characters from the input and match them with the specified regular expressions. After the regular expressions is been matched to the one that is specified, the particular lexical action is executed .Suppose the kind of regular expression specified is TOKEN then the matched token is returned, but if the regular expression is of SPECIAL_TOKEN then it first should be saved and then returned along with the next token that is to be matched. This helps in constructing an integrating to the base IDE the context sensitive semantics analyser encapsulating the domain knowledge. E) Dynamic Analysis Facility. Controlled environment for executing the logics defined in the domain specific language is required for facilitation the experts to understand better the flow of execution and verify that the logic defined perform the intended flow sequence. In order to facilitate this feature the step and continuous execution features with facility to monitor internal states of the program is provided exploiting the Netbeans API modules. F) Hint modules: Netbeans API allows us to create a module that provides various hints. So whenever we need to use these kind of modules we need to provide the required expression that helps in matching the existing one. When the initial expression is given automatically the whole expression is provided by the hint module. G) Code completion: Netbeans allows us to implement the Editor Code Completion API. This tutorial shows you how to implement the Editor Code Completion API. When we invoke this feature, a code completion box appears, displaying words that can complete the text typed in the editor. IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS The implementation is done using Netbeans API 7.2.1 and a JavaCC compiler to create an IDE infrastructure on Linux platform using Linux RedHat 6.1. To implement this we have used associated Netbeans Libraries such as Lexer, Parsing API, and Editor API. JavaCC which is a ‘Lexer and parser generator’ reads a set of grammar rules and helps to convert it into a java program that matches to the specified grammar. The Java codes generated by JavaCC are augmented with the domain specific language specifications to develop modules which perform the following major tasks: 1. Lexical analysis 2. Syntactic analysis, Semantic analysis 3. Code generation or execution Lexical and Syntactic analysis involve in understanding the source code and ensuring its syntactical correctness. This is called parsing, which is the parsers responsibility. Lexical analysis on receiving the code and divides it into proper tokens. A token is a significant piece of a programs source code. Token examples include keywords, punctuation, literals such as numbers, and strings. Nontokens include white space, which is often ignored or skipped but used to separate tokens, and comments. Fig2. Designing IDE During syntactic analysis, the parser takes the token from the program by ensuring the programs syntactical correctness and by building an internal representation of the program. During syntactic analysis, a compiler examines the program source code with respect to the rules defined in the languages grammar. If any grammar rule is violated, the compiler displays error messages. Context aware token recognition is achieved by passing the tokens scanned by the editor to a mapping module and trace appropriate action on the fly, such as highlighting the various keywords in appropriate colour, providing necessary hints appropriate based on the current context etc. The Syntax analyser and Semantic analyser on receiving the tokens from the token manager aggregate and checks it with the grammar specified which also helps in highlighting the language constructs. The code completion API gives context based suggestions when an expression is being coded. We also have the feature of hint modules when a logic is been given provided with the Netbeans. Fig3. IDE with domain specific language and its environment. V. CONCLUSION In this paper we mainly focused on developing an integrated environment that helps in monitoring the spacecraft’s along with the specified control logics. We also have implemented the concept of modules required for and integrated development environment along with the base infrastructure suited for the domain specific language.This works presents a properly tailored integrated development environment to facilitate experts from inter-disciplinary fields to defined monitoring and control logics of concerned subsystems and to merge them in unison to provide overall the satellite health monitoring and control logics. The future enhancements that can be implemented are the Visual source representation that provides possible visual representation of logics being specified which helps in knowing the various changes happening in the spacecraft’s. Static and Dynamics Analysis Features helps to associate modules to carry out static and dynamic analysis based on the domain as well as the language specification. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks is such a little word but not bigger than a moment, but there is a world of great meaning in it. It is my immense pleasure that I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all of them who helped me during this project work. I specially thank the organization (ISRO) for giving me this opportunity. REFERENCES Next-Generation Monitoring, Analysis, and Control for the Future Smart Control Center Pei Zhang, Senior Member, IEEE, Fangxing Li, Senior Member, IEEE, and Navin Bhatt, Fellow, IEEE Simulink Tools for Design and Verification. Netbean Platform Tutorial for IDE( Oracle). JavaWorld (http://www.javaworld.com/article/2076269/learn-java/build-your-own) Netbeans File Type (https://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-filetype.html) Netbeans JavaCC Lexer(https://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-javacc-lexer.html) Netbeans JavaCCParser(https://platform.netbeans.org/tutorials/nbm-javacc-parser.html)

Finding the Root of the Problem of School Violence Essay -- Shootings

Finding the Root of the Problem of School Violence After shootings at Jonesboro, Ark, Paducah, Ky, Springfield, Ore, Pearl, Miss, and Littleton, Co, serious questions arise such as has school violence risen, and, if so, what can we do to fix it. The truth is, school violence is on a rise, and it can be attributed to factors such as disinterest in learning, the total preservation of the civil rights of the students at all costs, and the lack of power the teachers and administrators have to punish misbehavior. Solutions such as forcing school uniforms, voluntary learning, and peer mediation take a long time to implement and an even longer time to see visible results, but they are necessary to ensure our future in America as educated peoples. We must be careful, though, to not go overboard in creating laws such as the zero tolerance rule in order to keep our schools both safe and fair. In finding appropriate, working solutions to school violence, we first need to find the root of the problem. Does the accessibility of guns really play a major role in the problem? The answer is no, it does not. Putting up metal detectors, forcing mesh (see-through) backpacks, and hiring thousands of uniformed security guards will not solve the problem (Cloud 1). Finding a permanent, better resulting answer demands a closer look at where the problem starts. Kids are growing up these days with little or no real punishment compared to thirty years ago. Kids just do not respect the teacher’s authority anymore because parents, concerned for the civil rights of their children, make teachers go through a long litany of proceedings in order to punish a student (Toby 3). A hearing must take place during which accusations must be made fully supported by witnesses to these accusations to suspend a misbehaving student. Ideas such as â€Å"zero tolerance† are created to try and give power immediately back to the teachers, yet it only causes more problems. The zero tolerance punishes severely any violation of a law, no matter how small or large the infraction might be, in order to make an example (Skiba 3). This punishing just discourages most students. As one interviewed student said, â€Å"when they suspend you, you get in more trouble, ‘cause you’re out in the street†¦I got in trouble more than I get in trouble at school, because I got arrested and everything† (5). The ... ...related to factors such as disinterest in learning, the total preservation of civil rights of students at all costs, and the lack of power teachers and administrators have to punish students. We need uniforms, peer mediation, voluntary high schools, and a reconnecting of community and school in all schools in order to overcome the rising violence. It is up to everyone to do his or her own part in keeping peace, and making sure we implement these safeguards to help obtain and keep the peace. Bibliography: Works Cited Cloud, John, and Cathy Booth, et al. â€Å"What Can the Schools Do?† Time 3 May, 1999. Britannica.com. CD-ROM. Information Access. 15 Nov. 2000 http://www.britannica.com Lehrer, Jim. â€Å"Re: School Violence.† Online Posting. 22 April, 1999. Online NewHour. 16 Nov. 2000 http://www.onlinenewshour.com Skiba, Russ, and Reece Peterson. â€Å"The Dark Side of Zero Tolerance.† Phi Delta Kappan Jan. 1999. Britannica.com. CD-ROM. Information Access. 14 Nov. 2000. http://www.britannica.com Toby, Jackson. â€Å"Getting Serious About School Discipline.† Public Interest. Fall 1998. Britannica.com. CD-ROM. Information Access 15 Nov. 2000 http://www.britannica.com

A Re-Hearing of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers

A Re-Hearing of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight As J.A. Burrow has recently reminded us, Middle English literature "requires the silent reader to resist, if he can, the tyranny of the eye and to hear. Certain of the writings ... make a further requirement. They treat the reader, not just as a hearer, but as an audience or group of hearers" (Medieval Writers 1). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is such a poem, a literate composition designed for oral performance, bearing the imprint of a poet skilled at once in manipulating a text and using it to affect his audience in ways outside the scope of the oral poet. It is with this dynamic between text and audience in mind that I approach the process of "re-hearing" Sir Gawain. In doing so I hope to achieve some clarification of what Tolkien referred to as one of the "structural failures" of the poem the failure of Mary, Gawain's protectress, to receive any further acknowledgement after Gawain twice asks her help, during his journey and in the final temptation scene. Studies of structural repetition (Howard 1964, 430-33; Burrow 1966, 87-97) and numerological patterning (Hieatt 1968, 129-31; Eckhardt 1980, 141-55) demonstrate the Gawain-poet's ability to exploit the spatial and temporal control afforded by the technology of writing (Ong 1971, 23-27). As Kent Hieatt has shown, he consciously uses numerological patterns. Line 2,525, the last long line of the poem, echoes the opening line and reinforces the emphasis given to five and twenty-five in the description of the pentangle. In a similar manner, notes Hieatt, in the "companion poem Pearl, the line that echoes the first line of the poem is 1,212, and 12 is probably the significant numerical structure in the poem" (Eckhart, 1980, 65-78). While such numerological structuring would of course go unnoticed by an audience during performance, its existence gives us a picture of a poet able to apply a fairly sophisticated process of organization to the physical text. In this paper I will examine an other method of textual structuring, one which deals primarily with color patterns rather than numerical sequences, though predictably the two appear to be interrelated. The poem deals almost exclusively and abundantly in reds and greens. Red, the color of Gawain's symbol of perfection, the red-gold pentangle on a red field, appears A Re-Hearing of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Essays Papers A Re-Hearing of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight As J.A. Burrow has recently reminded us, Middle English literature "requires the silent reader to resist, if he can, the tyranny of the eye and to hear. Certain of the writings ... make a further requirement. They treat the reader, not just as a hearer, but as an audience or group of hearers" (Medieval Writers 1). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is such a poem, a literate composition designed for oral performance, bearing the imprint of a poet skilled at once in manipulating a text and using it to affect his audience in ways outside the scope of the oral poet. It is with this dynamic between text and audience in mind that I approach the process of "re-hearing" Sir Gawain. In doing so I hope to achieve some clarification of what Tolkien referred to as one of the "structural failures" of the poem the failure of Mary, Gawain's protectress, to receive any further acknowledgement after Gawain twice asks her help, during his journey and in the final temptation scene. Studies of structural repetition (Howard 1964, 430-33; Burrow 1966, 87-97) and numerological patterning (Hieatt 1968, 129-31; Eckhardt 1980, 141-55) demonstrate the Gawain-poet's ability to exploit the spatial and temporal control afforded by the technology of writing (Ong 1971, 23-27). As Kent Hieatt has shown, he consciously uses numerological patterns. Line 2,525, the last long line of the poem, echoes the opening line and reinforces the emphasis given to five and twenty-five in the description of the pentangle. In a similar manner, notes Hieatt, in the "companion poem Pearl, the line that echoes the first line of the poem is 1,212, and 12 is probably the significant numerical structure in the poem" (Eckhart, 1980, 65-78). While such numerological structuring would of course go unnoticed by an audience during performance, its existence gives us a picture of a poet able to apply a fairly sophisticated process of organization to the physical text. In this paper I will examine an other method of textual structuring, one which deals primarily with color patterns rather than numerical sequences, though predictably the two appear to be interrelated. The poem deals almost exclusively and abundantly in reds and greens. Red, the color of Gawain's symbol of perfection, the red-gold pentangle on a red field, appears

How does “Taxi Driver” Essay

â€Å"Taxi driver† subvert the classical Hollywood genre due to its ending. In a classical Hollywood genre, the story is supposed to end with a resolution, but in this film we do not learn the true ending, because the one we do see is quite obscure and unexpected; Betsy in the back of Travis’ cab. There are many signs that this ending may be a figment of Travis’ imagination such as the way we are never shown Betsy actually sitting in the back of the cab, we only see her through Travis’ rear view mirror. This could suggest that the ending is more what Travis wanted to happen, not what actually happened. The film goes against classical Hollywood genre by its use of hybrid genre. Throughout the film we get scenes that make reference to film noir and thriller genres, but towards the end it mainly goes towards western, as Travis prepares for battle to the confrontation scene. This goes against the classical Hollywood genre as films usually only have one or two genres at the most, but this film even shows some comedic qualities at times. â€Å"Taxi driver† subverts the use of classical Hollywood narrative by its use of a circular narrative. We begin and end with Travis in his taxi, driving around looking for fares. This suggests to the audience that what he had to do has been done, and he is getting back to normal, but is he as unstable as ever? Throughout the film Travis has referred to the population of New York as â€Å"the scum of the earth†, but now he is behaving just like them, does this make him â€Å"the scum of the earth† also? â€Å"Taxi driver† should go along with the classical Hollywood narrative through the romance plot between Betsy and Travis at the end of the film, but the scene is awkward, and it reminds the audience of the reasons he began his plot to kill Palantine, and Sport and his gang. It also never shows the two of them together, only them looking at each other through the rear view mirror. This suggest to the audience that they can never be together, even now. Th film goes against the classical Hollywood narrative through Travis’ re-assimilation. Travis, who essentially can be classed as a villain through his actions of killing numerous people and plotting to kill even more, is represented to the population of New York as a â€Å"hero taxi driver† and how he battled the â€Å"mafia†. This makes the audience wonder just how good Travis’ actions were. The film is based on the life of Arthur Bremer, a man who was a taxi driver and plotted to assassinate George Wallace, but the plan fell through and he was arrested. Bremer’s thoughts, desires and plans are echoed throughout the film, especially through the use of Travis’ diary and the narrative he uses to read it to the audience. The film subvert classical Hollywood narrative through this, as quite often a disclaimer tells the audience that no events are related to any person living or dead, but this can clearly be related in a number of places to Bremer’s plans and actions.

Life Lessons Essay

ife (â€Å"Hard Work Beats Talent, When Talent Doesn’t Work Hard†) – (Kevin Durant) Over this past summer, I experienced a lot of events that I think will change my life for the better. It seemed like everything started falling in place when I got an unexpected call from a college coach from a small school called Samford University. I was shocked that I received the call because for one, I’d never even heard of the school he was calling from. Also, I never actually played a full game of football in high school.The reason he’d called me is because he said he was at one of the previous scouting camps I attended a few weeks prior, and he liked my athleticism and how I always worked hard and never gave up, even when he saw I was having a hard time. He wanted me to attend one of the school sponsored scouting camps that he was putting together, and he offered to get me in for free so I gladly accepted. When I arrived at the camp, I was very nervous becaus e there were a lot more major college coaches there than I expected, and the combine included college students also, so I wasn’t just competing against any regular competitors.There were 6 different events that we were doing that day, and I had never done any of them at any previous camps so I had no faith in myself from the start. At the first event, the 40 Yard Dash, I had to race a college linebacker from another school so I had to prove to my coaches that I could take on any challenge they threw at me from the beginning. But everything didn’t go quite as I expected. On my first try I false started 2 seconds early, and everyone was laughing at me so I started to down myself. On the 2nd attempt, I false started again!It wasn’t as early as the previous one, but I was wasting all of my chances at getting an official time because I was too nervous to even start on time. On the 3rd and final attempt, I managed to get off on a good start and run a 4. 92, but the sc outs weren’t very impressed by that because they knew and I knew that I could do better than what I was showing them. At the next event, the Running back drills, I was already nervous because of how bad I had done at the previous event, and it showed in my actions.When I went up to catch passes from one of the quarterbacks that was attending the camp with me, normal passes that I could catch in my sleep became difficult for me to complete. I was so worried about messing up again that I wasn’t performing to my full potential. The coach that recruited me to attend the camp took notice at my performance and pulled me aside and talked to me. He told me â€Å"he knows for a fact that I could do better, and he wants to see the athlete that he saw at the previous camp, not the nervous one that he had seen today.Just believe in myself and perform to the best of my abilities for the duration of the camp and everything would be fine†. Then he gave me a quote to think of w hen I got down, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard†. Now I don’t know what it was about that speech, but when I went back to the drill, everything seemed to fall into place. I was catching every single pass the quarterback threw me, even the ones that were badly placed. When I re-did my 40 Yard Dash, my time dropped from a 4. 2 to a 4. 8. From that point on, I exceed all my expectations at every other event that was available to me at the camp. After that day, I learned that I can’t down myself every time I mess up at something, I have to just keep doing my best and to forget the rest. And whenever I get to the point where I want to just give up, I always remember that quote that the coach told me, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard. Word Count: 695

Dell Background

The background and history of Dell began in 1984 with Michael Dell as the founder which has been known as the most innovative entrepreneur for marketing computers. Dell began his adventure with computers in 1983 by selling PC components out of his college dorm room at the University of Texas. He bought RAM chips and disk drives for IBM PCs at cost from dealers and resold them in newspaper and magazine ads for 10-15 percent below regular cost. One year later he was already running sales of $ 80,000 and dropped out of school, creating a company called PCs LTD, selling both components and PCs. Dell had a strategic approach to selling which was buy the dealers surplus at cost and create his own by adding graphic cards and more memory. He was making clones of the PCs eliminating the retail markup, cutting the price about 40 percent and attracting the price conscious customers. This produced rapid growth and by the end 1986 sales had reached $ 33 million. In 1987 the company was renamed to Dell computers and a year later added a sales force that quickly gained government agencies, as well as becoming a public company. This venture raised 34. 2 million from common stock in the first offering to the public. Dell during the years of 1990-93 began to distribute his computer through superstores, but quickly realized that margins grew thin with this distribution channel and quickly withdrew from selling to retailers by 1994. Transitioning to focus on the direct sale of the computer and customize it during the ordering process for the customer. This was possible because each computer was individually assembled setting it apart from the others. During this time the laptop or notebooks started to also emerge in the early 90’s, however in 1993 Dell ran into some financial problems from a risky foreign currency hedging strategy and problems with laptops and PC models. These difficulties turned off buyers and caused Dell to suspend the sales of the laptops, then write off $ 40 million of its laptop PC models. In order to get sales back on track a redesign of the computer models were done and the company started to go strong into an internet site by 1997. Using the internet to sell there computers opened up a new market for Dell. They were building powerful computers with multiple features custom made to each individual. This model is the build to order business model and resulted in great sales.

International intercultural management Assignment

International intercultural management - Assignment Example 2. Hofstede’s Model in Relation to Cultural Aspects Every nation has its own set of standards that define the culture in terms of thinking, being and acting, and these differences have a very strong impact on the business communication and workplace values in any organization. Something that may be considered perfectly normal and natural in an organization of one country can be frowned upon and seen as offensive in another. Values will always differ across cultures. Therefore, we have to understand these varying differences in order to describe and forecast employee behaviour from various countries. Some cultures value decisions that are made in a group, while others think that the leader should take control of the decision-making. For almost all business organizations, it is crucial to be aware of how the cultures will affect the workplace values because it will provide them with a framework of assessing the different dimensions. One of the most determined studies of the cult ural differences and how they influence organizational issues was commenced by Geert Hofstede, a Dutch scholar which involved data on more than 116,000 employees of IBM representing forty countries. Many of these dimensions will be based on Geert Hofstede’s framework for assessing cultures (Brown, 2009). It is important to understand where the values across cultures stem from, or what the source is. Previous research has identified two clear forces that have an impact on the formation of values that managers who are engaged in international business possess (Ronen, 1986; Webber, 1969). These two forces can be categorized into national culture as well as business environment. Both the culture of the nation and the environment the business operates in will have a significant influence on the values that an organization will possess. Triandis et al. (1986) brings forth the proposal that a way to have an understanding of the culture is to identify the dimensions of the variations in the culture of the organization such as Hofstede (1980). In a study including more by Geert Hofstede, it was found out there were four basic dimensions along with work-related values that differed across cultures: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, and individualism/collectivism. Later on, work by Bond presented with a fifth dimension i.e. the long-term/short-term orientation. Power Distance is related to the extent to which a culture’s members accept an imbalanced distribution of power. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the degree to which the less dominant members of establishments and institutions accept the unequal distribution. This will almost always represent discrimination, but defined from below instead of above. It proposes that a society’s level of variation is recognised by the followers as much as by the leaders. If we look at France, we see that the power distance index is comparatively higher than the rest of the countries; around 68. This means that in the management as well as the general lifestyle of France there is a big gap between the social classes, and there are clear definitions of status involved.

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Synthesis - Essay Example However, she dislikes the criticisms from the judges. On the other hand, Amy Tan dislikes the use of ‘broken’ and says that it shows negativity. Although she uses this word to describe her mother’s language, she dislikes it and says she is looking for a better one to use. To her, ‘broken’ cannot be used in a good way unlike for Nancy, who sees it as good sometimes. There is a common ground on diversity as both writers highly value it and are happy that it is seen. The engaging of Indian woman in ANTM and having black plus size models in the contests is a good thing to Nancy. Amy wants more Asian Americans and Chinese people to engage in writing and not just concentrate in medicine and engineering fields. She argues that joining the writing field with her ‘broken’ English cuts all odds. Despite her teacher saying that writing is not something she could do, she went ahead and proved him wrong. The way her mother was treated in restaurants shows that people do not take their time to understand other people with different cultures. Consequently, this emphasizes the need to embrace cultural diversity (Franklin). Diversity is a show of variety in people’s culture, behavior and style. According to Nancy Franklin, America’s Next Top Model has more diversity among contestants’ than other reality shows. People from different cultures participate in the contest: for instance, an Indian woman in one of the cycles really set a stepping stone to others since not many Indians are found in this field. Indian women show them that being engineers or doctors is not the only career they can take. It also has plus size models and several blacks who made it to the semi-finals. Banks embraces diversity in all sectors which is so evident. This plays a great role in helping women love their bodies, thus boosting self-esteem. Banks starts ANTM to look for a girl who has diversity, can do many different things, pass different challenges and can fit in different

LEUKEMIA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEUKEMIA - Research Paper Example Leukemia, being a blood disorder, affects all systems of the body especially the respiratory, renal and digestive system. As a result of the less white blood cell count, the immune system deteriorates leaving the lungs, the kidney and the digestive tract less resistant to infectious diseases. On the other hand, the decrease of functional red blood cell results to decrease oxygen transport which leads to breathing problems, less effective body waste delivery and filtering in the kidneys and a protracted decrease in appetite due to bleeding in gums. Inflammation, damage and cancerous tumors in the lungs and kidneys have also been attributed to accumulation of leukemic cells. Leukemia is a disorder not yet well understood but the prevailing thought is that the production of abnormal cells in the bone marrow is due to mutations in DNA. Researchers believes that the risk for Leukemia is higher when the patient have one or a combination of the following: Leukemia detection can be definitive only through a routine blood test as there have been cases where chronic leukemia has been found with no prior physical indications. Nonetheless, individuals with leukemia usually suffer from the following: Patient presentation - Always feeling weak or tired, easy bruising and bleeding (dark skin patches or tiny red spots on skin), swollen lymph nodes especially in the neck, fever and night sweats and bone or joint pains. Cytogenetics- involves checking abnormalities in cell chromosomes to determine abnormality. For example, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is due to the Philadelphia chromosome, an abnormality in the cell’s chromosomes. Chemotherapy – is a drugs-based approach normally administered by vein or by mouth. Those with leukemia in their cerebrospinal fluid receive intrathecal chemotherapy which involves administering drugs in their spinal canal.

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 Essay

Why was India so important to Britain between c. 1858 and 1914 - Essay Example But in course of time the merchants became the master of the land2. Like Dutch, the Danish started a Danish East India Company in 1616 and established factories at Tranquebar in 1620 and Serampore in 1676. But they sold of their factories to the British in 1845 for Rs. 12, 50,000. The Ostend Company was similarly started by Flemish merchants in 1723. Its chief settlement in India was at Bankibazar, three miles north of Barrackpur. A Swedish East India Company was chartered in 1731. All these projects, after sometime, could not stand the test of time3. The victory of the English over the Spanish Armada and the report of the immense wealth of India spread by the English travellers like Ralph Fitch and Mildenball aroused in the minds of Englishmen a strong desire to trade with the East. With this end in a view body of English merchants applied to Queen Elizabeth for a charter granting them the right of trading in the East. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted them under the title, ‘The Governor And Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies’ - a monopoly of trade in the East for a term of 15 years. This company is generally known as East India Company. India was the bone of contention between England and France but as a result of three Carnatic Wars fought from 1746 to 1761, the East India Company had established her superiority in India. As a result of her success in the wars amongst European Powers in the 18th Century, England emerged as the mistress of the seas4. There is no doubt that the permanent settlement made the British government highly popular and gave stability to its administration. The causes those were responsible for the success of the English Company. Firstly it was a private enterprise. This created a spirit of self-reliance among the people. They knew that if they worked hard, they would be able to get profits and if they slacked, they were to be ruined. The result was English company